BUILDING MATERIALS AS A PLASTIC

BUILDING MATERIALS AS A PLASTIC...

1. As A Building Material
AAERT_SID INTERIOR MATERIAL & TECHNOLOGY-1 SEM.- 01

2. ‰Background Plasticsaresaidtobethemostversatilematerials on earth. Almost
all
of
the
products
we
use
in
our
daily
lives
contain
Almost
all
of
the
products
we
use
in
our
daily
lives
contain
plastics. This display chronicles some of the key discoveries,
inventions, and people that have helped make the plastics
€
The use of plastics materials in buildings, both for
industrywhatitistoda
y
.
construction and decoration, continues to increase,
particularly as architects, designers and builders appreciate
their
advantages
in
construction
terms
and
in
the
provision
of
their
advantages
in
construction
terms
and
in
the
provision
of
so called ‘maintenance free’ structures. Today, plastics materials
are
so
widely
used
in
the
building
industry
that
it
materials
are
so
widely
used
in
the
building
industry
that
it
wouldbedifficulttoenvisagetheconstructionofanybuilding without them. Many products are available which meet the various building and fire regulations. Some of the areas in whichthesematerialsareusedarelistedintable1.

3. ‰Table1.Applicationofplasticsandrubbersinbuilding
Adhesives Anti-vibration Decorative laminates Sealants
Roofin
g
materials
mountings
Window frames
Geotextilesfor
earthworks
g
Waterproof membranes
Glazing
Pipes and gutters
Laminates for
formwork
Floor coverings Soundinsulation
Drainage systems Fasciaboards
Laminates for decoration
Sound

insulation
Thermal insulation
Fascia

boards
Cladding panels
Flexible foams for
upholstery
Fibres for carpets and fabrics Paints and varnishes

4. ‰Chart1.CommercialUseofplastics

5. ‰ClassificationofPlastics: TherearetwomaingroupsofPlastics:
1.
THERMOPLASTICS 2. THERMOSETTINGPLASTICS
€
High Density Polythene
€
Low Density Polythene
€
Epoxy Resin
€
Polyester Resin
€
Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC)
€
Polystyrene
€
Polypropylene
€
Glass Reinforced Plastic
€
Carbon Fibre Plastic
€
MelamineFormaldehyde
€
Polypropylene

€
Acrylo-nitrile(Nylon)
€
ABS
€
Melamine

Formaldehyde
€
ABS
€
Poly Vinyl Acetate (PVA)
€
Acrylic (Perspex)
€
Elastomers

6. ‰HighDensityPolythene:
HDPE is used fo
r
Buckets, Basins,
Bottles, Containers and is extensively
used in both Blow moldin
g
&In
jection
g
j
moldingprocess. Properties
:
Properties
:
Tough, Feels Waxy, Resistant to Chemicals Most
LDPE
application
is
film
based
.
‰LowDensityPolythene:
Most
LDPE
application
is
film
based
.
Industry uses also include wire &
cables’ coating, injection & Blow
molding
is
used
for
plastic
bags
molding
is
used
for
plastic
bags
,
Bottles.
Properties
:
Properties
:
Soft,Flexible,GoodElectricalinsulator.

7. PVC
is
used
for
Gutters
Drain
Pipes
‰PolyvinylChloride:
PVC
is
used
for
Gutters
,
Drain
Pipes
,
Window/Door Frames & Shutters,
Plumbing Fixtures, Furniture
it
t
It
i
ft
d
i
equ
ipmen
t
s, e
t
c…
It
iso
ft
en use
d
in
the Extrusion Process (larger length
possible).
Properties: Rigid, Water & Weather Resistant, Li
g
ht Wei
g
ht
,
Ease of fabrication &
g
g,
Installation. ‰Pol
y
st
y
rene:
It is used extensively in the
Packaging Industry. It is also widely
i
Ilt
B ildi
i
yy
use
in
I
nsu
la
t
e
B
u
ildi
ngs,
in
Refrigerators,etc…
Properties:
Soft, Lightweight, Good Insulator, Waterresistance.

8. ‰Acrylic:
Acrylic is used fo
r
Bath’s Fixtures &
Sanitary wares, Lighting, Display
Stands.
Properties: Stiff
Hard
Brittle
Scratches
easily
Stiff
,
Hard
,
Brittle
,
Scratches
easily
.
It is generally used as a waterproof ‰EpoxyResin:
adhesiveofas aliquid forcasting. Properties:
Strong(WhenReinforced),Clear.

9. I
i
l
k
Fi
i
‰MelamineFormaldehyde:
I
t
iscommon
ly
k
nown as
F
orm
ica
isa
composite material made from resin
and layers of paper, commonly used
forworktops.
Pro
p
erties:
p
Clarity, Stability to Heat, Light,
Chemicals,AbrasionandFire.
It is a composite material made from ‰GlassReinforcedPlastic:
Resin and Glass Fibe
r
Sheet. This
combination produces a lightweight
y
et extremel
y
stron
g
material and
y
y
g
used everywhere from Speed boat hullstoAircrafts,Roofingsheets,etc.. Properties
:
Properties
:
Very Strong, Lightweight, Easily workable.

10. El
li
ih
li
‰Elastomers:
El
astomers are p
last
ics w
it
h
e
last
ic
properties, most are capable of
considerable deformation and will
return to their original shape. Uses range from waterproof seals to foam p
addin
g
.
pg Properties: Flexible
Waterproof
Heat
resistant
Flexible
,
Waterproof
,
Heat
resistant
.

11. ‰DisadvantagesofPlasticasBuildingmaterial: ¾
Two general types PLASTIC
¾
Thermo
p
lastics
(
melt
,
deform
,
va
p
orize
–
burns ver
y
fast
)
p(, ,p
y)
¾
Thermosets (decomposes, loose strength under heat but
will not melt, only burns with extreme temps) Fi i l i l ti
¾
Fi
res
invo
lv
ing p
las
ti
cs…
¾
Burn fast
¾
Veryintenseheat
¾
Very

intense

heat
¾
Dense black smoke
¾
Extremely toxic
¾
UV light will weaken certain plastics and produce a chalky faded appearance on the exposed surface.
¾
Onedisadvantageofplasticsmaterialsistheirtendencyto
¾
One

disadvantage

of

plastics

materials

is

their

tendency

to

soften at elevated temperatures. This has restricted their use
as main structural elements and also in hot water systems.
¾
Cold can cause some plastics to become brittle and fracture under pressure.

12. The MonsantoHouse of the Futurewas constructed at Disneyland in 1957. The
frame and structure of the house were 100% plastic. The house had four
cantilevered
wings
floating
above
beautifully
landscaped
grounds
and
waterfalls
cantilevered
wings
floating
above
beautifully
landscaped
grounds
and
waterfalls
.
Like many concept designs, Monsanto’sHouse of the Futurewas never mass
produced. However, today the buildingand construction industry is one of the
largest
and
fastest
growing
markets
for
plastics
largest
and
fastest
growing
markets
for
plastics
.
USES

13. USES

14. USES

15. ‰PlasticasaRoofingSystems: ¾
Corrugated plastic sheeting has
been used for roofing in
conservatories
and
buildings
where
conservatories
and
buildings
where
transparent panels have been required. However, in more recent ti
dbl
d
til
ll d
ti
mes
d
ou
bl
ean
d
t
r
ip
lewa
ll
e
d
polycarbonate sheeting has become increasingly used, since this provides not only diffuse daylight fo
r
illumination but also heat insulation andhencereducedheatin
g
costs.
g

16. ‰Twinortriplewalledpolycarbonate: ¾
Provides a number of advantages
during installation since it can be
cut with conventional tools, is rigid to handle, does not require closely spaced
supports
is
light
in
weight
spaced
supports
,
is
light
in
weight
and can be easily fitted. In addition, it can be cold formed or thermoformed into a variety of shapes to provide attractive and ftil
d
f
Ed
f
unc
ti
ona
l
curve
d
sur
f
aces.
Ed
ges
and joints can be sealed to
prevent
draughts
Another
major
prevent
draughts
.
Another
major
advantage is its resistance to breakage.

17. ‰CladdingPanels: ¾
UPVC products are now frequently used
in place of the more traditional products
for
external
cladding
panels
fascia
and
for
external
cladding
panels
,
fascia
and
soft boards, particularly on new buildings. Some of the advantages
ff d
b
UPVC
li ht
iht
o
ff
ere
d
b
y
UPVC
are
li
g
ht
e
r
we
ig
ht
,
resistance to rot, lack of warp and lack of
needforregularmaintenancepainting.
¾
Products are available in a variety of colours, including wood grain finishes. These
may
be
of
solid
UPVC
,
double
These
may
be
of
solid
UPVC
,
double
skin or foam filled double skin construction.
¾
Fixing
of
UPVC
products
due
allowance
¾
Fixing
of
UPVC
products
-
due
allowance
must be made for expansion and contraction to prevent buckling of the sheets due to the heating effect of sunlight.

18. ‰SoundInsulation: ¾
Sound within buildings may be general
noise transmitted through walls and floors
o
r
as
p
ecific noise from vibratin
g
p
g
machinery. The latter can be dealt with by using vibration mounts as mentioned above
Air
-
borne
noise
can
also
present
above
.
Air
borne
noise
can
also
present
problems and must be taken into account whendesigningsoundinsulationsystems.
¾
With general noise, the traditional method was to build ver
y
thick and heav
y
walls
y
y
and floors. However, as buildings have become lighter, other methods of sound reduction
have
become
necessary
As
a
reduction
have
become
necessary
.
As
a
general principle, sound insulation can be provided by either a simple and heavy or a
light
and
complex
construction
which
is
a
light
and
complex
construction
,
which
is
now replaced by the rubber and plastics materials.

19. ‰ThermalInsulation: ¾
As well as sound insulation, buildings
need thermal insulation also. This can be
met b
y
usin
g
li
g
ht wei
g
ht aerated
y
g
g
g
concrete building blocks during the construction of the building or by incorporating
foamed
plastic
sheeting
incorporating
foamed
plastic
sheeting
within the structure. Typical foamed plastics include rigid polyurethane foam and
expanded
polystyrene
although
and
expanded
polystyrene
,
although
various other foamed plastics may also be used.
¾
Plasterboard can be readily obtained with a 25 mm foamed polystyrene backing. Othe
r
com
p
osite sheet buildin
g
p
roducts
p
g
p
can be obtained with polyurethane foam cores. They can be kept clean with very little
effort
little
effort
.

20. ‰PlasticDecorativeLaminates: ¾
The normal structure of a plastic
decorative laminate includes a
sheet
of
decorative
paper
sheet
of
decorative
paper
impregnated (saturated) with one ormoreresins.
¾
Plastic decorative laminates have a wide range of uses, they can be used in the furniture industr
y
fo
r
y
kitchen cabinet counters, bookshelves and door linings, among
many
other
things
In
the
among
many
other
things
.
In
the
building industry they can be used for partitions screens in order to divide
space
in
offices
houses
divide
space
in
offices
,
houses
,
etc...

21. ‰PlasticAdhesives&Sealants: ¾
There are also water-based
versions that can
p
rovide bette
r
p
heatresistance.
¾
Generally solvent-based, these cost
ff ti
filli
dh i
e
ff
ec
ti
ve, gap-
filli
ng a
dh
es
ives are
suitable for bonding sheet flooring,
adhering skirtings and architraves,
signsandwallpanels.
¾
They have good adhesion to most substrates
(especially
porous
substrates
(especially
porous
materials such as wood, concrete, brickandplasterboard).
¾
Sealants- create a flexible, durable bond which is vibration- and shock- resistant resistant
.