Building Performance Analysis using BIM align ECBC Regulations

This presentation is part of the completion of my major project in the final year of my B.Tech Civil Engineering course.

This shows the process of BIM (Building Information Modelling) for Building Performance Analysis by creating 3D model in Autodesk Revit and performing energy analysis in Green Building Studio in terms of EUI (Energy Use Intensity).

Abstract:
This research investigates the effectiveness of building performance analysis techniques in reducing the urban heat island effect in different climate zones of India. The study will focus on using Building Information Modelling (BIM) as a tool to model the thermal performance of buildings and evaluate different strategies for reducing heat gain and improving energy efficiency in buildings. The research will also assess the compliance of the proposed strategies with ICAP (India Cooling Action Plan) goals and EGBC (Energy and Green Building Council) regulations.
The study will be carried out in multiple cities in different climate zones in India and will involve the development of BIM models of typical building types in each city. The models will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of different passive and active cooling strategies, such as shading devices, green roofs, and high-performance glazing. The study will also investigate the impact of these strategies on indoor thermal comfort and energy consumption.
The research will provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of building performance analysis in mitigating urban heat island in different climate zones in India. The results of the study will be useful for architects, engineers, and policymakers in developing sustainable building design strategies that comply with ICAP goals and EGBC regulations and can help reduce the impact of urban heat island on the environment and public health.

1. Major Project Final Presentation on Assessing the Effectiveness of Building Performance Analysis in Different Climate Zones of India, in line with ICAP Goals and ECBC Regulations Presented By: Saurabh Gupta (04315607920) Vikas Pal (05015607920) Shekha (04515607920) Guided By: Mrs. Ekta Dwivedi Assistant Professor 1 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project

2. Methodology Result and Discussion Conclusion Bibliography 2 CONTENT Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project Introduction Need of Study Objectives Literature Review Research Gap

3. BIM (Building Information Modelling) and BPA (Building Performance Analysis): BIM is a highly collaborative process that allows architects, and engineers, to plan, design, and construct a structure or building within one 3D model. It is an approach to design that uses intelligent 3D computer models to create, modify, share, and coordinate information throughout the design process . BIM is powerful for sustainable design because it can help you iteratively test, analyze, and improve your design. That is called Building Performance Analysis (BPA). In this project, the BIM and BPA are used for analyzing the energy performance of the building. Autodesk Revit, Autodesk AutoCAD, Green Building Studio (GBS) and Autodesk Insight are used. Climate Zone : In terms of the thermal design of buildings, India is divided into five climatic zones: hot & dry, warm & humid, composite, temperate, and cold. 3 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project ` Introduction

4. Indian Cooling Action Plan (ICAP): ICAP is a national initiative launched by the Indian Govt. in 2019 to address the growing demand for cooling in India while also reducing the energy demand and requirement for cooling and achieving its goals by 2037-38 . Reducing cooling demand, promoting energy-efficient cooling techniques , increasing access to cooling, and developing a sustainable cooling sector . Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC): The Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) set minimum energy performance standards for commercial buildings. Energy performance standards for the following building systems will be included in the ECBC: Building Envelope, Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning, Lighting and Electric Power etc . Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project 4 Introduction

5. According to ICAP (India Cooling Action Plan) of India Reduction of refrigerant demand by 25% to 30% by the year 2037-38. Reduction of cooling energy requirements by 25% to 30% Recognition of “cooling and related area” as a thrust area of research under the national science and technology program to support the development of technological solutions and encourage innovation challenges. ICAP Goals of India Source: India-cooling-Action plan 5 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project ECBC (Energy Conservation Building Code) To provide minimum requirements for energy-efficient design and construction of buildings and their systems. Mandatory for commercial buildings and other non-residential buildings having plot area of more than 1000 sq.m. or built-up area of 2000 sq.m. Need of Study

6. To analyze building performance in different climate zones and their comparison using BIM and BPA. To determine best possible parameters to reduce building energy consumption according ECBC regulations. To reduce cooling requirement in align with ICAP goals and help in reducing urban heat island effect. To improve the energy efficiency and thermal condition of the building. 6 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project Objectives

7. Title Author Journal (Year) Major Findings Climate change and 2030 cooling demand in Ahmedabad, India: opportunities for expansion of renewable energy and cool roofs Jaykumar Joshi et al. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change (2022) Expansion of cool roofs to 20% of the total floor area can reduce 0.21 TWh cooling demand between 2018 and 2030. Implementation of cool roofs as a cooling strategy help in achieving ICAP goals and building resilience to extreme het. Investigation of Energy Saving Using Building Information Modeling for Building Energy Performance in Office Building Heni Fitriani et al. Civil Engineering and Architecture (2022) Revit software integrated with Green Building Studio as a BIM tool was used to analyze energy performance. Significant energy use reduction of 61.21% as compared to existing building achieved using best possible scenarios. Investigating the Energy-Efficient Structures Using Building Energy Performance Simulations: A Case Study Safeer Abbas et al. Applied sciences(2022) Warehouse buildings (rectangular structure) energy use difference of around 7 MJ/m2/year for a 360◦ orientation change. House buildings exhibited an energy use difference of up to 25 MJ/m2/year. The total energy consumption for houses was reduced to 14%. 7 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project Literature Review

8. Title Author Journal (Year) Major Findings Using Regression Model to Develop Green Building Energy Simulation by BIM Tools Ruifeng Jiang et al. Sustainability (2022) BIM Software design different parameter, including window-to-wall ratio (WWR), wall construction, roof construction, infiltration, lighting efficiency, plug load efficiency, heating, building orientation etc. The effect of carbon dioxide emissions on the building energy efficiency Ji Min et al. Elsevier (2022) Cumulative CO2 emissions for 2005 to 2035 in various cases are much lower 33% in the low-growth by using insulation, north and south window lighting, plantation . Energy Conservation Measures and Value Engineering for Small Microgrid: New Hospital Hassan M. H. Farh et al. Sustainability(2022) All over used a microgrid used in hospital lighting be switched from manual to auto-off , daylight sensors in all hospital zones except patient care areas to achieve 30% energy savings 8 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project Literature Review

9. Title Author Journal (Year) Major Findings Interoperability between Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Building Energy Model (BEM) Gabriela Bastos Porsani et al. Applied sciences(2022) BIM–BEM software interoperability does not work for all types of buildings related to its shape and constructive system , the less reliable the data transferred is and the greater the problems in creating the model in the BEM software . Implementation of BIM Energy Analysis and Monte Carlo Simulation for Estimating Building Energy Performance Based on Regression Approach Jinlin Wei et al. Building(2022) BIM , BEP and Green Building Studio 3D molding Revit software used. Using a different types of shape of building ,different parameter etc. used the R2 ranges from 0.998 to 0.999. Life cycle assessment for a suburban building located within the vicinity using Revit Architecture Subhashish Dey et al. Springer (2022) BIM software used on autodesk a 19% reduction in the energy costs. It has a annual electrical energy consumption of a building after the use of energy efficient materials 19.95% are reduced. 9 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project Literature Review

10. Title Author Journal (Year) Major Findings Green BIM-based study on the green performance of university buildings in northern China Qibo Liu et al. Energy, Sustainability and Society(2022) BIM softwar e used.reductions of the annual loads of about 47.4% , in line with the national energy efficiency standards for public buildings.the heating load was reduced by 59.1%, and the cooling load reduced by 21.5% . Building information modeling (BIM) incorporated green building analysis: an application of local construction materials and sustainable practice in the built environment M. N. Uddin et al. Journal of Building Pathology and Rehabilitation (2021) BIM–BPS tools which are suitable for the initial intangible stages of sustainable building design . using local materials like Fly-ash bricks, CSEB (Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks), terracotta, bamboo/timbered etc. A big picture of urban heat island mitigation strategies and recommendation for India V.R. Khare et al. Urban Climate (2021) Green roofs and cool (high reflectance) roofs help in reducing surface temperature and mitigate UHI effects. Vegetation, water bodies and green walls lower the temperature around the building and building envelope. 10 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project Literature Review

11. Title Author Journal (Year) Major Findings Optimizing Energy Use, Cost and Carbon Emission through Building Information Modelling and a Sustainability Approach: A Case-Study of a Hospital Building S. H. Khahro et al. Sustainability (2021) BIM-based sustainable approaches speed up the design and execution processes while using less physical and non-physical resources. Optimization of building orientation, HVAC system, use of low-E glazing on windows and PV system reduce energy use and cost. Changes resulted in reducing 32 tons of carbon emissions. A systematic approach for urban heat island mitigation strategies in critical local climate zones of an Indian city R. Kotharkar et al. Urban Climate (2020) Greening and cool roofs prove beneficial as a cooling strategy and cooling enhancer to mitigate UHI. The application of cool roofs  results in considerable air temperature decreases in the older, unplanned area with dense urban agglomeration. Urban heat island intensity and its mitigation strategies in the fast-growing urban area Shweta Jain et al. Journal of Urban Management (2020) Less percentage of green area and increased built-up density in cities are responsible for UHI . Water bodies and vegetation are essential for mitigating the UHI effects. Green areas and landscaping improve the thermal environment. 11 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project Literature Review

12. Title Author Journal (Year) Major Findings Urban Heat Island studies: Current status in India and a comparison with the International studies K veena et al. J. Earth Syst. Sci. (2020) Using vegetation cover, constructing green walls and roofs, utilizing passive cooling in buildings and by reducing the heat production sources. Effective energy consumption parameters in residential buildings using Building Information Modeling N. Amani et al. Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management(2020) The use of b uilding information modeling technology results of parametric studies on alternative schemes of energy use intensity optimization showed that 16.30% savings could be achieved by the base building model in a 30-year time horizon. Building Orientation in Green Facade Performance and Its Positive Effects on Urban Landscape Faezeh Bagheri Moghaddam et al. Sustainability(2020) The selection of an appropriate orientation for the green facade (Green skin cavity 20cm). The r eduction of energy consumption and cost and the improvement of overall energy efficiency. 12 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project Literature Review

13. Title Author Journal (Year) Major Findings Urban sprawl during five decadal period over National Capital Region of India: Impact on urban heat island and thermal comfort Manju Mohan et al. Urban Climate (2020) Intense discomfort hours increased from an average of 10 hours per day to 12–13 hours per day and comfortable hours decreased from 3 hours per day to 1 hour per day. UHI impacted energy demand resulting in an increase in per capita electricity consumption by 165% in the decades from the 1970s to 2010s . Cool Roof initiatives in India: An evaluation of the existing conditions and lessons to be learnt from global best practices H. S. Rallapalli et al. Aegaeum Journal (2020) Cool roofs help to manage cooling demand and mitigate the impact of the UHI effect . Cool roofs help in reducing energy consumption in buildings in line with ICAP goals . Develop the climatic condition ratio for typical building in India P Payal Jain et al. Iop (2020) Green Building Studio (GBS) ,3D CAD/Building Information Modeling (BIM) , The building’s e nergy performance will also fluctuate based on climatic conditions energy utilization and Carbon dioxide emission. 13 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project Literature Review

14. Title Author Journal (Year) Major Findings Green BIM Assessment Applying for Energy Consumption and Comfort in the Traditional Public Market Pao-Hung Lin et al. Sustainability(2019) BIM software used.the heat insulation of the rooftop ,retrofitting and exterior walls yielded the greatest efficiency. The energy consumption before and after the i mprovement was 526.51 and 341.43 MWh. Autodesk Green Building Studio an Energy Simulation Analysis in the Design Process Sarah Luziani et al. Knowledge E(2019) GBS,on Autodesk . buildings with more use of glass and openings will be more efficient in energy use, while buildings with l ess use of glass and more openings will be used in energy use. low U value or with a double skin façade . BIM Based Building Performance Analysis Of A Green Office Building. Anju Ebrahim et al. ISSUE (2019) BIM software used .Green Building Design is evaluated 4.7% Energy Cost Savings and about 38.6% Reduction in CO2 emission s compared to the original design.15% savings in Annual Energy Costs. 14 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project Literature Review

15. Title Author Journal (Year) Major Findings Evaluation of energy-efficient design strategies: Comparison of the thermal performance of energy-efficient office buildings in composite climate, India Farheen Bano et al. Solar Energy (2018) Use of insulated walls and roof, high-performance dual panel glass in fenestrations and shaded windows can reduce the HVAC load of buildings in composite climate. Mixed-mode ventilation system can reduce the energy consumption for cooling. A green building information modelling approach: building energy performance analysis and design optimization Shang-yuan Chen MATEC Web of Conferences (2018) The effectiveness of Green BIM incorporates the use of BIM and BPA software technologies. BPA in response to local climate conditions can yield optimized design proposals and achieve environmental sustainability. Green Building Studio used for BPA. Development of A BIM-Based Maintenance Decision-Making Framework for the Optimization between Energy Efficiency and Investment Costs Jin-Up Kim et al. Sustainability(2018) BIM software used .The reduction of energy consumption that was estimated at 6.2% for gas and 6% for electricity has been evidenced in cases where the areas were shaded to 2/3 of the vertical length of windows. 15 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project Literature Review

16. Title Author Journal (Year) Major Findings Examining the Role of Building Envelope for Energy Efficiency in Office Buildings in India Farheen Bano et al. Architecture Research (2016) Recommended orientation is northwest and southeast . Walls and roofing should have insulation to decrease the HVAC load in office buildings. Use of shading devices and double glazing window with low-E glass on fenestrations. An investigation of the impact of building orientation on energy consumption in a domestic building using emerging BIM F.H. Abanda et al. Energy (2016) Green Building Studio ,BIM software are that the total life cycle of the building will be 30 years with a discount factor of 6.1% for costs. Different building orientations are adopted and their impacts of the whole building energy are investigated. 16 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project Literature Review

17. Lack of study in BIM and BPA in align with ICAP goals and ECBC regulations . Lack of study for analysis of building performance with different climatic zones and their comparison. 17 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project Research Gap

18. 2D & 3D Modeling using AutoCAD and Revit of Proposed Office Building Collection of Data & Information i.e. Literature Review Perform Energy Analysis using Green Building Studio (GBS) Study and Identify the Parameters & Analysis Conclusion Result & Recommendation To Achieve ICAP goals Using ECBC regulations 18 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project Methodology

19. 2D & 3D Modeling using AutoCAD and Revit of Proposed Office Building Collection of Data & Information i.e. Literature Review Perform Energy Analysis using Green Building Studio (GBS) Study and Identify the Parameters & Analysis Conclusion Result & Recommendation To Achieve ICAP goals Using ECBC regulations

20. Office Building 3D View Render Image Particulars Specification Building Type Office Building Total Floor Area 18836 m 2 Plot Area 4795 m 2 No. of Floor G+4 No. of Basement 2 Floor to Floor Height 4 m Building Schedule 12/6 Facility Orientation South Facing 20 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project Building Details

21. 2D Plan of Office Building in Autodesk AutoCAD 21 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project Ground Floor Plan First Floor Plan 2D Plan

22. 22 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project 2D Plan 2D Plan of Office Building exported from Revit to Autodesk AutoCAD Ground Floor Plan

23. 23 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project 3D Model 3D Model of Office Building in Autodesk Revit

24. Component Size Material Layer (Outer To Inner) U – Value (W/ m 2 . .K) External Wall 200 mm Cement Plaster, Brick Fireclay, Cement Plaster 2.7356 Interior Wall 150 mm Cement Plaster, Brick Fireclay, Cement Plaster 3.6146 Retaining Wall 450 mm Concrete, Cement Plaster 2.2532 Curtain Panel 15 mm Pilkington RW33 double glazing SHGC: 0.76 , VLT: 0.81 2.86 Floor 150 mm Marble, Cement Sand Screed, Concrete 6.5919 Roof 150 mm Roof Tile, Cement Plaster, Concrete 6.6425 Door 1000 x 2100 mm 1200 x 2100 mm 2000 x 2100 mm Glass Panel Single Swing Glass Panel Single Swing Glass Panel Double Swing 2.3956 24 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project Thermal Properties of Applied Materials as per Table 10.2 ECBC 2017 Specifications Components and Materials

25. 25 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project Project Name and Building Type Selection Building Schedule Selection Project Type Selection Project Creation in Green Building Studio for BPA

26. 26 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project Climate Zone Map of India Source: Appedix B, ECBC 2017 Climate Zones Location Composite New Delhi Hot & Dry Ahmedabad Warm & Humid Mumbai Temperate Bangaluru Location Selected for Different Climate Zones as per Table 11.1, ECBC 2017 Location Selection

27. Location Settings for BPA of Office Building in Autodesk Green Building Studio 27 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project Location Settings

28. 28 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project Analytical Model in Revit Advanced Energy Settings in Revit Energy Settings in Revit Energy Analysis Settings

29. Baseline Energy Readings of Office Building in Autodesk Green Building Studio for New Delhi 29 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project Exporting Revit file in gbXML Format Running gbXML file in GBS Energy Analysis

30. Baseline Energy Readings in Autodesk Green Building Studio for Bangaluru 30 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project Baseline Energy Readings in Autodesk Green Building Studio for Mumbai Baseline Energy Readings in Autodesk Green Building Studio for Ahmedabad Energy Analysis

31. 31 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project Climate Zone Location Energy Use Intensity (MJ/m2/year) Electric Cost (/kWh) in Rs Annual Electric Use (kWh) Annual Electric Cost in Rs Annual Electric Peak Demand (kW) Composite New Delhi 544.9 8.50 21,20,308 1,69,62,464 805.5 Hot and Dry Ahmedabad 560.1 5.00 22,02,670 1,07,93,083 808.9 Warm and Humid Mumbai 572.1 7.66 22,47,215 3,35,50,920 843.9 Temperate Bangaluru 544.4 9.40 20,11,429 1,89,07,433 824.4 Source: Energy Readings given by GBS after exporting model in gbXML format and running it on GBS for selected locations . Baseline Energy Readings of Office Building for different Climate Zones of India in GBS Baseline Energy Readings

32. 32 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project Baseline Energy Readings

33. Building Orientation Wall Window Ratio, Window Shades and Window Glazing Wall Roof Lighting Efficiency and Control Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project Parameters for Design Alternatives BO Building Orientation WWR Wall Window Ratio WS Window Shades WG Window Glazing W Window Parameters (WWR, WS & WG) WL Wall R Roof LE Lighting Efficiency LC Lighting Control 33 Parameters of Optimization

34. Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project 34 Design Alternative Interface in GBS Parameters of Optimization

35. BUILDING ORIENTATION (BO) Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project Location Baseline Rotation (Degrees) Optimized New Delhi South 180 North Ahmedabad South 180 North Mumbai South 180 North Bengaluru South 180 North 35 Parameters of Optimization

36. Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project WALL WINDOW RATIO, WINDOW SHADES AND WINDOW GLAZING As per Clause 4.3.3 Vertical Fenestration, ECBC 2017 For all climate zones, vertical fenestration compliance requirements for all three energy efficiency levels: ECBC, ECBC+, and Super ECBC Maximum allowable Window Wall Ratio (WWR) is 40%. Minimum allowable Visible Light Transmittance (VLT) is 0.27. Maximum U-factor and Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) requirements as per Table 4.10 and 4.11, ECBC 2017. Orientation Baseline Optimized North 48% 40% South 0% 0% West 9% 15% East 39% 30% Orientation Baseline Optimized North No Shades 2/3 of the Window Height South No Shades No Shades West No Shades 2/3 of the Window Height East No Shades 2/3 of the Window Height Wall Window ratio (WWR) Window Shades (WS) 36 Parameters of Optimization

37. 37 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project Minimum allowable Visible Light Transmittance (VLT) is 0.27. (As per Clause 4.3.3 Vertical Fenestration, ECBC 2017) Compliance Requirements Composite Hot and dry Warm and humid Temperate ECBC ECBC+ & Super ECBC ECBC ECBC+ & Super ECBC ECBC ECBC+ & Super ECBC ECBC ECBC+ & Super ECBC Maximum U-factor (W/m².K) 3 2.2 3 2.2 3 2.2 3 3 Maximum SHGC Non-North 0.27 0.25 0.27 0.25 0.27 0.25 0.27 0.25 Maximum SHGC North for latitude ≥ 15°N 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Maximum SHGC North for latitude < 15°N 0.27 0.25 0.27 0.25 0.27 0.25 0.27 0.25 Glazing Type U-Value SHGC VLT ICH Insulated Clear Low-e Hot Climate 1.68 0.44 0.7 IG1 Insulated Green Low-e 1.67 0.42 0.68 IB1 Insulated Blue Low-e 1.67 0.29 0.41 IG2 Insulated Grey Low-e 1.32 0.28 0.5 IB2 Insulated Bronze Low-e 1.78 0.37 0.44 SIC Super Insulated 3-pane Clear Low-e 1.26 0.47 0.64 PPG/CIG PPG SB70XL/Clear IG 1.63 0.27 0.64 Vertical Fenestration Assembly U-factor and SHGC Requirements for ECBC Buildings as per Table 4.10 & 4.11, ECBC 2017 Glazing type as per ECBC requirement (GBS) Parameters of Optimization WALL WINDOW RATIO, WINDOW SHADES AND WINDOW GLAZING

38. 38 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project WALL CONSTRUCTION Opaque External Wall U-factor (W/m2.K) Requirements for ECBC, ECBC+, and Super ECBC compliant Building (As per Table 4.7, 4.8, & 4.9, ECBC 2017) Wall Construction U-Value MFW4 Metal Frame Wall with Super High Insulation 0.32 MW2 Massive Wall with High Insulation 0.24 MW3 Massive Wall with Super High Insulation 0.17 SIPW4.5 Structural Ins. Panel (SIP) Wall 4.5in (114mm) 0.37 SIPW6.5 Structural Ins. Panel (SIP) Wall 6.5in (165mm) 0.27 ICFW10 Insulated Concrete Form (ICF) Wall, 10" thick form 0.2 ICFW12 Insulated Concrete Form (ICF) Wall, 12" thick form 0.2 ICFW14 Insulated Concrete Form (ICF) Wall, 14" thick form 0.19 SIPW8.25 Structural Ins. Panel (SIP) Wall 8.25in (210mm) 0.21 SIPW10.25 Structural Ins. Panel (SIP) Wall 10.25in (260mm) 0.18 SIPW12.25 Structural Ins. Panel (SIP) Wall 12.25in (311mm) 0.15 Office Building U-Value ECBC ECBC+ Super ECBC Composite 0.4 0.34 0.22 Hot and dry 0.4 0.34 0.22 Warm and humid 0.4 0.34 0.22 Temperate 0.55 0.55 0.22 Wall type as per ECBC requirement (GBS) Parameters of Optimization

39. 39 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project ROOF CONSTRUCTION Roof Construction U-Value MFR3 Metal Frame Roof with High Insulation 0.16 MFR4 Metal Frame Roof with Super High Insulation 0.08 WFR3 Wood Frame Roof with High Insulation 0.16 WFR4 Wood Frame Roof with Super High Insulation 0.08 CFR3 Continuous Deck Frame Roof with High Insulation 0.17 CFR4 Continuous Deck Frame Roof with Super High Insulation 0.09 CR-R20 Cool Roof - R20 continuous ins. over roof deck 0.25 CR-R30 Cool Roof - R30 continuous ins. over roof deck 0.17 SIPR6.25 Structural Ins. Panel (SIP) Roof 6.25in (165mm) 0.23 SIPR8.25 Structural Ins. Panel (SIP) Roof 8.25in (210mm) 0.18 CR-R38 Cool Roof - R38 continuous ins. over roof deck 0.14 CR-R50 Cool Roof - R50 continuous ins. over roof deck 0.11 SIPR10.25 Structural Ins. Panel (SIP) Roof 10.25in (260mm) 0.15 WFR-R60 R60 Wood Frame Roof 0.08 Roof U-factor (W/m2.K) Requirements for ECBC, ECBC+, and Super ECBC compliant Building (As per Table 4.7, 4.8, & 4.9, ECBC 2017) Office Building U-Factor ECBC ECBC+ Super ECBC Composite 0.33 0.26 0.2 Hot and dry 0.33 0.26 0.2 Warm and humid 0.33 0.26 0.2 Temperate 0.33 0.26 0.2 Roof type as per ECBC requirement (GBS) Parameters of Optimization

40. 40 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project LIGHTING EFFICIENCY AND CONTROL Lighting Power Density for Building Area Type for ECBC, ECBC+ and Super ECBC Buildings. (As per Clause 6.3.2 and Table 6.1, 6.2 & 6.3, ECBC 2017) Building Area Type LPD (W/m2) ECBC ECBC+ Super ECBC Office Building 9.5 7.6 5 Lighting Control: 90% of interior lighting fittings, in building or space of building > 300 m2 shall be equipped with automatic control device. Occupancy Sensors shall be provided for all building types > 20,000m2 - All habitable spaces less than 30 m2 , enclosed by walls or ceiling height partitions. All conference or meeting rooms Control device shall control a maximum of 250m2 for a space ≤ 1000m2, and a maximum of 1000m2 for a space > 1000m2. (As per Clause 6.2.1.1 and 6.2.1.2, ECBC 2017) Lighting Control OS Occupancy sensors DSC Daylighting sensors & controls O/DSC Occupancy/Daylighting sensors & controls Office Building Baseline Optimized Lightning Efficiency LPD (W/m2) 10.76 4.31 Lighting Control None O/DSC Lighting Control (GBS) Parameters of Optimization

41. 41 Climate Zone Location Energy Use Intensity (MJ/m2/year) Electric Cost (/kWh) in Rs Annual Electric Use (kWh) Annual Electric Cost in Rs Annual Electric Peak Demand (kW) Baseline Optimized Baseline Optimized Baseline Optimized Baseline Optimized Composite New Delhi 544.9 423.6 8.50 2782349 2131065 23649967 18114053 805.5 599.9 Hot and Dry Ahmedabad 560.1 437.1 5.00 2874443 2231275 14372215 11156375 808.9 610.6 Warm and Humid Mumbai 572.1 448.3 7.66 2939017 2291188 22512870 17550500 843.9 636.9 Temperate Bengaluru 544.4 428.5 9.40 2783586 2176828 26165708 20462183 824.4 627.6 Energy reading of office building for baseline and after optimization for different climate zones Source: Project created for energy analysis in Green building Studio (GBS). Result and Discussion

42. 42 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project Result and Discussion

43. 43 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project Result and Discussion

44. 44 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project New Delhi Ahmedabad Mumbai Bengaluru Energy Use Intensity (MJ/m2/year) 22.25 21.95 21.64 21.29 Annual Electric Energy (MWh) 23.41 22.38 22.04 21.80 Annual Electric Peak Demand (kW) 25.53 24.52 24.53 23.87 Building Orientation 1.59 1.36 1.44 0.95 Wall Window Ratio 0.16 0.14 0.13 0.09 Window Shades 0.53 0.49 0.51 0.50 Window Glazing 0.58 0.45 0.44 0.45 Wall Construction 0.78 0.81 0.75 0.01 Roof Construction 0.62 0.50 0.52 0.53 Lighting Efficiency 16.54 16.75 16.42 17.26 Lighting Control 1.44 1.46 1.43 1.49 Percentage Reduction for Different Parameters for Selected Locations after Optimization Result and Discussion

45. 45 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project Conclusion The improvement in building performance is found to be maximum in New Delhi at 22.25% reduction in EUI and minimum in Bengaluru at 21.29% reduction in EUI. Optimization of building orientation, WWR, window shades and glazing, and roof parameters provided maximum effect in New Delhi. Optimization of wall provided maximum effect in Ahmedabad. Optimization of lighting efficiency and control provided maximum effect in Bengaluru. (As per ECBC Regulations) However, optimization of lighting efficiency and control contributed maximum reduction of average 16.74% in energy consumption in all selected locations. The overall average reduction in EUI, annual energy use and annual energy peak demand is found to be 21.78%, 22.41% and 24.61% respectively for office building in different climate zones. Thus, helped in achieving ICAP goals.

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48. THANK YOU! 48 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Major Project