Building planning

its all about site choosing to planning of residential building.

1. Building Design

2. section – 1 Planning of residential building

3. Chapter-1 1) Factors affecting the selection of Site :- i ) Topography ii) Nature of subsoil iii) Position of the ground water table iv) Facilities v) Neighborhood

4. vi) Certain things those should not be near the site vii) Vegetation viii) Shape of the site ix) Availability of men and materials x) Proximity to seashore

5. Principles of planning WHAT IS MEAN BY PLANNING ? By planning we mean pre-thinking and pre-arranging things, before an event takes place, in order to get best results in comfort, convenience, health, happiness and efficiency. The object of planning of buildings is to arrange and set out all the different units so as to satisfy their functional requirements to the maximum extent by making use of the available space. The planning of such a building is governed by many factors like climatic conditions. site location. functions. surrounding conditions. etc.

6. PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING The basic principles of planning are - 1.Aspect, 2. Prospect, 3. Privacy, 4. Roominess, 5. Grouping, 6. Circulation, 7. Furniture requirement, 8. Flexibility, 9. Sanitation, 10. Elegance, and 11. Economy.

7. Aspect – It is the proper placement of different rooms of the building so that the occupants can enjoy the gifts of nature such as sun-shine, breeze, view of the landscape at different hours of the day. Aspect not only provides comfort but it is important from hygienic point of view. By careful disposition of doors and windows in external walls, it is possible to admit sun's rays and air into any desired room. aspect depends upon the direction of the sun light. air, rain etc.

8. (2) prospect – Prospect refers to the view as seen of the outside from the windows in general and doors in external walls. It is determined by the view as desired from certain rooms of the building such as view of the garden, beautiful scene, a nearby hill etc. Prospect includes taking full advantage of the beauties of nature in the landscape by revealing to the occupant certain pleasant features and at the same time concealing some undesirable views in a given outlook. Prospect depends upon the surroundings of the building

9. (3) Privacy -   Privacy is the one of the most important considerations in the planning of buildings of all types in general and residential buildings in particular.   Privacy is of two types : ( i ) Privacy of all parts of a building with reference to the surrounding buildings, streets and by-ways. This can be achieved by growing plants, trees and also by keeping windows high enough with respect to roads or ground near by.

10. (ii) Privacy of one room from another i.e. bed-room, kitchen, bath-room etc. This can be attained by carefully positioning of doors and openings of shutters. The shutters should open in such a way that a person entering the room should get the minimum view See Fig. 3.3 (c). For maximum privacy such as in bed-room single shutters are better than double shutters."

11. Privacy is of great importance in bed-rooms, water-closet (W.C), urinals, and bath-rooms etc. Bed-rooms should never be placed at the entrance. Bathrooms and W.C. should have independent access. Privacy is not only for the above purpose but for Library, study rooms and prayer halls may be located in a particular part of a building.

12. (4) Roominess – It refers to the effect achieved by making the best of small portions of room by deriving maximum benefit from minimum dimensions. It appears to be simple at first but really difficult to achieve. A rectangular room is relatively bigger than a square room of the same area. It is also found more convenient from utility point of view See Fig. 3.4 (a), and (b).

13. For a rectangular room the length to width ratio should be between 1.2 : 1 and 1.5 : 1 A ratio 2 : 1 or more will cause "tunnel" effect and create bad feeling which should be avoided.

14. (5) Grouping - Grouping means arrangement of various rooms in the layout in such a fashion that all the rooms e placed with reference to their functions and in due proximity with each other. The building consists of units, or rooms in general. Each room or unit has to perform certain function or functions and there is also some sort of sequence in between them. Bad grouping lacks in privacy.

15. Generally people like to sit in the verandah as such living room should naturally be next to it. Dining room must be close to the kitchen. At the same time, the kitchen should be away from the drawing or living room, otherwise the bad smell and smoke will cause nuisance for the occupants. Sanitary arrangements should be adjacent to the bed-rooms but away from the kitchen, dining room. There should be an independent access to sanitary units.

16. The kitchen should be so located that the house-wife who is busy for the major part of the day, can keep a watch through the window. 'W1 ' on the children playing in front yard and also entry of any intruder. See Fig. 3.5 (a).

17. ( 7) Circulation -   Circulation is the access or the internal movement is provided. Circulation is of two types. One is the horizontal circulation and the other is vertical circulation. If the movement is for the same floor and may be from one room to another or within the room itself, then it is called horizontal circulation.

18. The horizontal circulation can be achieved by providing passages, corridors, lobbies, verandahs, and halls. It should be straight, short, sufficiently lighted and well ventilated to provide comfort, convenience, efficiency and safety. Desirable horizontal circulation has short, straight and independent passages. It helps to provide privacy of the room. See Fig. 3.6 ( i ) (a), (b) and (c).

19. Vertical circulation is the movement from one floor to another floor. It can be achieved by means of stairs, lifts and escalators. These should be easily accessible from entrance, various rooms without intruding privacy. They should also be properly lighted and ventilated. Stairs should be sufficiently wide with strong balusters or parapets and handrails on both the sides.

20. (7) Furniture requirements - The requirement of furniture depends on the type of buildings, the number of persons using the room and functions of the room. Therefore, the requirement of furniture, their sizes etc. is an important consideration because the furniture will decide the size of the room. To make best use of the available space in the room, minimum furniture should be provided.

21. So at the time of planning, the proper position of furniture such as sofas, chairs, tables, television, wall units in living room, beds, easy chairs, cupboards, dressing table in bedroom; dining table with chairs in dining room, racks, fridge in kitchen etc. is to be decided with proper circulation and roominess. The placement of furniture will finalise the location of the doors, windows, closets, electrical switches in the rooms.

22. Here are some important hints to be borne in mind, while arranging the furniture. Furniture should satisfy the functional purpose as well as decorative purpose. Furniture should be proportional to the size of the room. The arrangement of furniture should be well balanced. Furniture should be arranged parallel or perpendicular to the wall but never at an angle.

23. Minimum clearance for movement or circulation should be provided. Traffic lanes should be clear of obstacles. Too many furniture pieces should be avoided in the room to avoid a crowded and suffocated look. Furniture arrangement should depict harmony or unity and rhythm. Furniture should provide maximum utility.

24. (8) Economy -   Economy is not the principle of planning but rather a factor on which the planning can be based. No general rules can be made to achieve economy since the ways and means to attain it are different in different situation. Economy can be achieved by keeping the minimum dimensions of the rooms

25. The height of the building can be kept to a minimum of 3M for a residential building. Porches, lobbies can be avoided. If the land cost is high, multistoried buildings can be-constructed to save the cost for foundation and roof. A building designed for a good strength, utility and safety will certainly prove to be costly in the beginning but may prove to be cheaper in the long run as it saves the cost of maintenance in future.

26. It should be remembered that a building or house is immovable property and built with one's life's saving, to last for many years to come.

27. ORIENTATION OF BUILDINGS Proper orientation means setting or fixing the direction of the plan of the building which allows the inmates of the house or building to enjoy to the utmost whatever is good and to avoid whatever is bad in respect of comfort in the elements of nature. Orientation implies not only the direction of the front of the house or building but also the back and two side facing.

28. Good orientation means proper placement of rooms in relation to sun, wind, rain topography and general outlook and at the same time providing a convenient access both to the streets and back-yard. Because of the surroundings of the site, nearness of streets, and other factors like privacy, protection against nuisance of noise and dust, the building has to be properly oriented in a particular direction.

29. For setting proper orientation, the planner should study the following. 1.The sun path diagram i.e. path followed by the sun in one year and its relative position with respect to locality. See Fig. 3.9 (a) and 3.9 (b). 2.Direction of prevailing wind in summer and winter. 3.Rainfall and its intensity. 4. Site Conditions.

30. References NBC SP 7 2005 BIS Dr. N. Kumaraswamy and N. Kameshwararao , Building planning and drawing

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