BUILDING TECH 5.pptx

BT5 Topic 1

1. BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 ALTERNATIVE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM BTAB115 ARCH. JAY LAWRENCE P. MARTINEZ, UAP, PIA

2. Course Name: BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 5 ALTERNATIVE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS Course Description Construction methods and techniques for different types of buildings using any appropriate alternative building construction system. Number of Units for Lecture and Studio Lecture – 2 units Studio – 1 unit Number of Contact Hours per week Lecture – 2 hrs Studio – 3 hrs Prerequisite/ Co-requisite Building Technology - 3 Course Objectives At the end of the course, the student should be able: to gain knowledge on the fundamental principles governing the design, purpose and application of the different types of non- conventional systems of construction. to acquire ability to provide working details of the various types of alternative building construction systems and systems components. to understand better the advantages of using such system . to acquire working knowledge of the latest system of construction available in the building industry.

3. Course Outline Alternative Building Construction Systems Cast- in- place and Pre- cast Floor System and Roof Slab System Flat Slab Flat Plate Ribbed Floor Slab Waffle Slab Lift Slab Spanstress Floor System Slipform Method Wall Panel Systems Flat type Ribbed type Window type and wall type Tilt- up Wall Panel System Prestressed Concrete Pre-tensioning Post- tensioning Composite Construction Method Cable/ Tensile Structures Membrane Structures Shell Structures Pre- Engineered Buildings Geodesic Structure Studio Equipment Sample working drawing and detailed drawing documents

4. introduction The Construction Industry is repeatedly criticized for being inefficient and slow to innovate. The basic methods of construction techniques, and technologies have changed a little since Roman times . But the application of innovation in the construction industry is not straight forward.

5. Every construction project is different, every site is a singular prototype, construction works are located in different places, and involve the constant movement of personnel and machinery. In addition, the weather and other factors can prevent the application of previous experience effectively.

6. The term “ALTERNATIVE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM” covers a wide range of modern techniques and practices that encompass the latest developments in materials technology, design procedures, quantity surveying , facilities management services, structural analysis, and design and management studies.

7. Incorporating alternative construction methods into practice can increase levels of quality, efficiency, safety, sustainability, and value for money. However, there is often a conflict between traditional construction methods and innovative new practices, and this is often blamed for the relatively slow rate of technology transfer within the construction industry. The adoption of an alternative construction method requires an appropriate design, commitment from the whole project team, suitable procurement strategies, good quality control, appropriate training, and care commissioning.

8. Traditional vs. modern conventional

9. TRADITIONAL CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES Timberframe Construction Adobe Construction Rammed Earth Construction Strawbale & Clay Construction Earth Ship Construction Cob Construction Log Construction 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

10. MODERN CONVENTIONAL CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES Shell Structures Cast in Place/PRECAST Construction Prestressed concrete Construction Cable / Tensile Structures Pre-engineered Buildings Composite Construction Membrane Structures 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Geodesic Structures 8 4

11. ALTERNATIVE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS CAST- IN- PLACE CAST IN SITU CONSTRUCTION      A.k.a poured-in-place , a concreting technique which is undertaken in situ or in the concrete component’ s finished position. preferred choice for concrete slabs and foundations, beams, columns, walls, roofs, and so on. flexibility both from batching to mixing to placing, curing and drying. ability to effect necessary changes based on present situations on site.

12. ALTERNATIVE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS CAST- IN- PLACE     A floor slab (also called plate slab or filigree slab ) is a reinforced concrete slab with a minimum thickness of 5–6 cm made into a solid and monolithic Standard concrete floor slab thickness in residential construction is 4 inches. 5 to 6 inches is recommended if the concrete will receive occasional heavy loads.

13. ALTERNATIVE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS CAST- IN- PLACE      TYPES OF SLABS There are various types of slabs are used in construction, the slab is constructed to offer a flat surface, it is usually horizontal within the floor, roof, bridge, and various structures. The slabs are made of reinforced concrete that receives the load through the beams to the columns then footings to the soil below used in both load- bearing structures and framed structures. In a load- bearing structure, the load is transferred from the slab to the load- bearing walls, the thickness of the slab varies from 100 mm to 500 mm.

14. ALTERNATIVE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS CAST- IN- PLACE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONCRETE SLABS IN CONSTRUCTION FLAT SLAB         reinforced concrete slab supported directly by a concrete column or caps. known as beam- less slabs gives an attractive appearance in terms of architecture less sensitive to fire easy to construct and require less formwork minimum thickness of 0.2m. spans of 6 to 9m live loads of 4-7KN/m2.

15. ALTERNATIVE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS CAST- IN- PLACE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONCRETE SLABS IN CONSTRUCTION TYPES OF FLAT SLABS

16. ALTERNATIVE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS CAST- IN- PLACE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONCRETE SLABS IN CONSTRUCTION FLAT PLATES      erected as one- way or two- way slabs support is provided directly through columns or walls. easy and simple formworks are required length of 6 to 8m, and live loads among 3 and 5KN/m2 pre- stressed flat plates remains among 8- 12m

17. ALTERNATIVE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS CAST- IN- PLACE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONCRETE SLABS IN CONSTRUCTION FLAT PLATES    can also be erected as post-tensioned slabs low- cost formwork, uncovered flat ceilings, and rapid construction low shear strength and considerably low stiffness, which may lead to significant deflection.

18. ALTERNATIVE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS CAST- IN- PLACE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONCRETE SLABS IN CONSTRUCTION CONVENTIONAL SLAB      The slab that supported on beams and columns thickness is small, depth of the beam is large, load is transferred onto the beam and then the column requires extra formwork no column cap, thickness is 10 cm 5 to 6 inches is recommended if it will receive heavy loads occasionally

19. ALTERNATIVE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS CAST- IN- PLACE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONCRETE SLABS IN CONSTRUCTION TYPES OF CONVENTIONAL SLABS One Way Slab    supported by a beam on two opposite sides to move the load in one direction ratio of longer span (l) to short duration (b) is equal or greater than 2 horizontal are called main reinforcement bars, vertical are called distribution bars.

20. ALTERNATIVE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS CAST- IN- PLACE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONCRETE SLABS IN CONSTRUCTION TYPES OF CONVENTIONAL SLABS ONE WAY SLAB  Although a minimum reinforcement referred to as distribution steel, primary reinforcement resistance is provided to uniformly distribute the load over long intervals above temperature and shrinkage stresses.

21. ALTERNATIVE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS CAST- IN- PLACE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONCRETE SLABS IN CONSTRUCTION TYPES OF CONVENTIONAL SLABS ONE WAY SLAB    principle reinforcement is within the short run distribution reinforcement is supplied in the long run principle bars are cranked to withstand the formation of pressure

22. ALTERNATIVE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS CAST- IN- PLACE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONCRETE SLABS IN CONSTRUCTION TYPES OF CONVENTIONAL SLABS ONE WAY SLAB Example:   All cantilever slabs are usually one- way slabs square in shape and 4 meters in size

23. ALTERNATIVE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS CAST- IN- PLACE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONCRETE SLABS IN CONSTRUCTION TYPES OF CONVENTIONAL SLABS TWO- WAY SLAB        supported by beams from all sides load is carried along both directions ratio of long duration (l) to short duration (b) is less than 2 distribution reinforcement is provided in both directions length and width of the slab is more than 4 m distribution strips are provided at two ends to resist stress formation used multilevel building floors.

24. ALTERNATIVE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMSQUES CAST- IN- PLACE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONCRETE SLABS IN CONSTRUCTION TYPES OF CONVENTIONAL SLABS TWO- WAY SLAB     short direction is the main direction main reinforcement is arranged along the short direction longer the direction is the secondary direction secondary reinforcement is arranged in the longer direction

25. ALTERNATIVE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS CAST- IN- PLACE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONCRETE SLABS IN CONSTRUCTION JOIST SLAB (RIBBED)    made up of wide band beams running between columns with narrow ribs spanning the orthogonal direction ribs and the beams are the same depth thin topping slab completes the system

26. ALTERNATIVE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS CAST- IN- PLACE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONCRETE SLABS IN CONSTRUCTION JOIST SLAB (RIBBED)      one- way joist floor slab consists of a series of small, reinforced concrete T beams connected with girders that in turn carried by the building column T beams are known as joists concrete is cast between those spacing to make those ribs

27. ALTERNATIVE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS CAST- IN- PLACE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONCRETE SLABS IN CONSTRUCTION JOIST SLAB (RIBBED)     the soffit can reduce the quantity of concrete and reinforcement and the weight of the floor deeper, stiffer floor permits longer spans formwork complexity can be minimized by the use of standard modular, re-usable formwork when flying form panels are used, the ribs should be positioned away from the column lines

28. ALTERNATIVE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS CAST- IN- PLACE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONCRETE SLABS IN CONSTRUCTION JOIST SLAB (RIBBED)      very adaptable for accommodating a range of service openings. economic in the range 8 to 12 m. saving of materials tends to be offset by some complication in formwork ribs should be at least 125 mm wide to suit reinforcement detailing spacing between the ribs is 20- 30 inch

29. ALTERNATIVE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS CAST- IN- PLACE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONCRETE SLABS IN CONSTRUCTION WAFFLE SLABS      made of reinforced concrete with holes underneath preferred for large spans greater than 12 meters used to avoid many columns interfering with space flat on top while it appeared like a grid- like surface on the bottom grid is created by the removal of molds after the concrete sets

30. ALTERNATIVE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS CAST- IN- PLACE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONCRETE SLABS IN CONSTRUCTION WAFFLE SLABS  more solid when used on longer spans and with heavier loads  recommended for buildings that   require minimal vibration buildings that require big open spaces composed by intricate formwork, and may be more expensive than other types of slabs

31. ALTERNATIVE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS CAST- IN- PLACE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONCRETE SLABS IN CONSTRUCTION WAFFLE SLABS       ribs are constructed perpendicular to each other laid in equal depth having a uniform rib appearance provide good aesthetic features reinforcement laid in both the directions depth of slab varies from 85 to 100 mm width of inside beams range from 110 to 200 mm

32. LEARNING TASK 1  Illustrate the 4 types of flat slab based from the given dimensions:    Slab: 0.20x1.2x1.2m Column: 0.30x0.30m Drop panel: 0.20x0.90x0.90m     Column head: 0.40x0.60x.060m Isometric drawing (1 column detail only for each type) Scale: 1:20m Standard Title Block,Long Bond Paper Output may be Hand drafted or CAD

33. Thank you for listening! Let me know if you have questions or clarifications.