calvin-cycle.pptx general biology 1 lessons

general biology 1

1. OBJECTIVES: : Describe the important events of the Calvin Cycle : Draw and label the parts of the Calvin Cycle : Recognize the importance of Calvin Cycle in living things

2. Light-independent Reaction (CALVIN CYCLE) - A chemical reaction during photosynthesis that convert carbon dioxide and other compounds into glucose, taking place in the stroma. It occurs after the light-dependent reactions. - It refers to the light-in dependent reaction in photosynthesis that take place in three key steps . The three key steps are, Carbon fixation , Reduction and Regeneration

3. RubisCO - ( ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase ) a plant enzyme which catalyzes the fixing of atmospheric carbon dioxide during photosynthesis by catalyzing the reaction between carbon dioxide and RuBp .

4. Ribulose Bisphosphate ( RuBp ) - An organic substance that is involved in photosynthesis, react with carbon dioxide to form 3- PGA - Carbon dioxide enters the cycle and is fixed by Rubisco to a 5-carbon sugar called  ribulose biphosphate  (RuBP)

5. The interworking of the C alvin C ycle - In plants, carbon dioxide (CO2) enters the chloroplast through the stomata and diffuses into the stroma of the chloroplast—the site of the Calvin cycle reactions where sugar is synthesized. The reactions are named after the scientist who discovered them, and reference the fact that the reactions function as a cycle. Others call it the Calvin-Benson cycle to include the name of another scientist involved in its discovery. The light-dependent reactions harness energy from the sun to produce ATP and NADPH. These energy-carrying molecules travel into the stroma where the Calvin cycle reactions take place.

6. The three stages of Calvin Cycle

7. Carbon Fixation The first stage of the Calvin Cycle, light-independent reaction initiated; CO2 is fixed from an inorganic to an organic molecule. In this step, carbon dioxide is attached to ribulose 1, 5- bisphosphate resulting carbon molecule that splits into two three carbon molecules.

8. Reduction In the second stage, ATP and NADPH are used to reduce 3- PGA into G3P; Then ATP and NADPH are converted to ADP and NADP+. In this step, the sequence of reactions using electrons from NADPH and some of the ATP to reduce carbon dioxide.

9. Regeneration In the is the last stage of Calvin Cycle, RuBp is generated, which enables the system to prepare for more CO2 to be fixed In this step, In the final steps, ribulose 1, 5- bisphosphate is regenerated. For every three turns of the cycle, five molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate are used to re-form 3 molecules of ribulose 1, 5 bisphosphate

10. THANK YOU!