Capacitors_Project_Dhruv_Garsa.pptxhdjsjsjj

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1. Capacitors - Class 12 Physics Project Presented by: Dhruv Garsa Class: XII - Physics Project Topic: Capacitors An attractive and informative project on one of the most important components in electronics.

2. What is a Capacitor? • A capacitor is a passive two-terminal electronic component. • It stores electrical energy in an electric field between two plates. • Separated by an insulating material called dielectric. • Used in almost all modern electrical and electronic circuits.

3. Structure and Symbol • Two parallel metal plates separated by a dielectric. • Symbol consists of two parallel lines. • Common dielectrics: air, paper, mica, ceramic, plastic. • Can be very small (in circuits) or very large (in power systems).

4. Capacitance and Formula • Capacitance is the ability to store charge. • Formula: C = Q/V (Q = charge, V = potential difference) • SI Unit: Farad (F) • 1 Farad = 1 Coulomb per Volt. • Higher plate area and smaller distance increase capacitance.

5. Types of Capacitors • Ceramic Capacitors - small and used in high-frequency circuits. • Electrolytic Capacitors - large capacitance, used in power supplies. • Film Capacitors - stable and used for precision. • Variable Capacitors - used in tuning radios and communication circuits. • Supercapacitors - store huge charge, used for energy storage.

6. Series and Parallel Combinations • Series: 1/Ceq = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + ... • Parallel: Ceq = C1 + C2 + ... • Series reduces total capacitance. • Parallel increases total capacitance. • Used to achieve desired capacitance in circuits.

7. Energy Stored in Capacitors • Capacitors store electrical energy as potential energy. • Energy formula: E = 1/2 CV² • Energy increases with both voltage and capacitance. • Used as temporary power sources in electronic devices.

8. Applications of Capacitors • Filtering signals in power supplies. • Tuning radios and televisions. • Flash units in cameras. • Coupling and decoupling AC signals. • Energy storage in electric vehicles.

9. Safety Precautions • Always discharge capacitors before touching. • Do not apply voltage above the rated value. • Electrolytic capacitors have polarity - connect correctly. • Avoid heating or puncturing capacitors.

10. Conclusion and Acknowledgement • Capacitors are essential components of electronics. • Understanding their working is important in physics and engineering. • This project helped me explore their types, uses, and properties. Project Made By: Dhruv Garsa