Capstone Project Report of SC. 12345678pptx

Hey This is our capstone project

1. By: Surjeet Kumar Talreja ( 20202-26944 ) Muhammad Anas Iqbal ( 20221-32806 ) Muhammad Ehsan Taimuri ( 20221-32754 ) Muhammad Wali Ul Islam ( 20221-32378 ) Muhammad Faizan ( 20211-30010 ) Role of Cold Storages in Enhancing Seafood Supply Chain

2. Introduction Cold Supply Chain Overview Food Freezing Concept Cold Warehouse Globally Cold Warehouse Pakistan Problem Statement 02

3. SALFORD EXPRESS Cold Supply Chain What is the Cold Supply Chain? . Its primary goal is to maintain the integrity and quality of perishable goods throughout their journey from origin to destination. The key elements of the cold chain: Cooling Systems Cold Storage Cold Transport Cold Processing and Distribution Why is the Cold Chain Important? The cold chain plays a crucial role in various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and biologics. Here’s why it matters: Preservation of Product Quality and Safety Extended Shelf-Life Balancing Supply and Demand Global Market Participation

4. SALFORD EXPRESS Significance of Fisheries Fisheries are a vital subsector of agriculture. They contribute directly to food supply and livelihoods. Export earnings from fisheries support the national economy. Export Earnings (2020): $373,392 million (1.6% of Pakistan’s total exports) . Annual Global Food Fish Consumption Growth: 3.1% (outpacing population growth) . Exceeds other animal protein foods (meat, dairy, etc.) at 2.1% per year.

5. Cold supply Chain Pakistan The cold storage capacity in Pakistan stands at about 0.9 million metric tons (MT), while seafood production exceeds 15 million MT. In 2021, an estimated 32% of food produced in Pakistan was wasted due to inadequate cold supply chain management. The Pakistan Cold Chain Market is projected to grow significantly, with revenues and volume expected to increase from 2020 to 2030.  Key segments include refrigerated warehousing, refrigerated transport, and applications like dairy, fish, meat, bakery, and fruits.

6. Cold supply Chain Global: The global cold chain market size was valued at $167.24 billion in 2019 and is projected to reach $447.50 billion by 2027. By 2024, spending on biopharma cold chain logistics is expected to reach approximately $21.3 billion. The COVID-19 vaccine distribution exemplifies the importance of cold chain logistics in the pharmaceutical sector. The capacity of refrigerated warehouses worldwide reached 719 million cubic meters in 2020, with the United States, India, and China leading the way. Sources: 1  transportgeography.org  2. fssac.com 3. corteva.com 4. adb.org

7. SALFORD EXPRESS Challenges in Maintaining Product Quality Lack of Efficient Cold Storage Facilities Overall Supply Chain Resilience Business Problems Obstacles in the Seafood Industry

8. Research Objectives 01. To identify how cold storage facility impacts the seafood industry’s supply chain. 02. To identify how cold storage facilities mitigate the supply risks 03. To identify the effect of cold storages on prices stability.

9. SALFORD EXPRESS Research Questions 30+ Years Experience 12M+ Happy Clients 1. How do cold storage facilities impact the seafood industry’s supply chain? 2. How do cold storage facility mitigate the supply risks? 3. How cold storages stabilizes the prices of seafoods .

10. SALFORD EXPRESS Literature Review Supply Chain of Seafood Industry : Cold chain logistics play a crucial role in preserving the quality and shelf life of seafood products. Cold chain ensures controlled temperature during transportation and storage to prevent spoilage and maintain freshness. Technologies like IoT, cloud computing, and AI are enhancing cold chain logistics efficiency and sustainability. (Ali et al., 2018). Cold Chain Logistics: Cold chain logistics maintains temperature and humidity for perishable goods like fruits, vegetables, meat, and fish. Breaks in the cold chain led to loss and waste of food products. Technologies like IoT, blockchain, and big data are revolutionizing cold chain logistics. Proper temperature control is crucial in each stage to ensure food safety and quality. (Han et al., 2021)

11. SALFORD EXPRESS Literature Review a) Significance of Cold Storages: Refrigeration is essential to minimize food losses, with 35% of seafood lost due to inadequate storage. Storage temperatures vary for different types of fish to maintain quality and safety. Cold stores are vital for preserving seafood quality from harvest to consumption. b) Food Quality & Safety: Proper temperature control in cold storage facilities reduces microbial growth and extends the shelf life of seafood products. Quality and safety of seafood are critical factors influencing consumer health and satisfaction. Cold chain management is essential to prevent spoilage and minimize the risk of foodborne illnesses associated with seafood consumption. (Ashie, 1996), iii. Cold Storage & Its Impact on Supply Chain:

12. SALFORD EXPRESS Literature Review Supply chain Integration Research by ( Sahin , 2007) highlights the role of cold storage warehouses in mitigating supply chain disruptions and enhancing inventory management through real-time temperature monitoring and control systems. The technology of time temperature integrators (TTI) is used to ensure the safety and quality of temperature-sensitive goods such as seafood and drugs along their entire lifespan. Role of Cold Storage in Food Price Stability Poor refrigeration management results in the annual global discarding of 300 million tons of products, according to the International Institute of Refrigeration (Estrada-Flores & Tanner, 2009). Cold storage is quite helpful in maintaining a steady supply of perishable goods throughout the year and a consistent price (Ahamed et al., 2021).  

13. SALFORD EXPRESS Literature Review Seafood Packaging According to ( Gokoglu , 2020) Seafood products decompose rapidly because of their high-water content, pH level, nitrogenous chemical content (protein and non-protein), and polyunsaturated fatty acid content. Therefore, maintaining aquatic products' quality over time and guaranteeing consumer safety present significant challenges. Unique packing techniques are used in seafood products for a variety of purposes, including quality preservation, shelf-life extension, and product information Risks in the Seafood Supply Chain As the product life cycle is shorter, perishable goods need to be transported using a highly sophisticated cold chain system (Kuo and Chen, 2010). Temperature breakdown is the major risk to cold chain logistics. Managing the product's temperature effectively is essential to extending its shelf life (Stringer and Hall, 2007; Sahin et al., 2007). The other significant risks to cold chain logistics identified are substandard packaging & is deterioration of product quality due to delivery delays (Ali et al., 2018).

14. Methodology

15. Data Collection Secondary Data Collection Research Articles Books Industry Standards Government Regulations Primary Data Collection Interviews Seafood Experts Storage Experts Logistics Experts Fishermen Association

16. Sampling 01. Non-Probabilistic 02. Convenience Sampling

17. Criteria for Interviewee The interviewee will be selected based on : 01. Expertise, knowledge, or experience directly related to the research topic 02. Having access to relevant information and willing to share their insights 03. Capable of articulating ideas clearly and participating actively in the research process.

18. Questionnaire What are the stages of the seafood supply chain in Pakistan and its challenges? Can you describe your experience with cold storage facilities in the seafood supply chain? How do you perceive the importance of cold storage in maintaining seafood quality and freshness throughout the supply chain? What are the essential features or requirements for an effectiv cold storage facility in the context of the seafood industry? Can you share any instances where inadequate cold storage practices have led to quality degradation or supply chain disruptions in the seafood industry?

19. Results & Discussion Interviews: For our study, we have conducted 4 interview sessions respondents based on their expertise and each respondent gave insights regarding our research questions. Emerged Themes: We had various areas of discussion with our respondents, on basis of which each respondent tried their best to brief us regarding the subject matter keeping in view his specific expertise.

20. Theme1: Seafood Supply Chain Management Seafood is harvested by local fishermen Some goes for fishing for 1 day while others do fishing for 15 days in sea The catch is then sorted Seafood is then auctioned at Karachi fish harbor auction hall The auctioned seafood is then processed at the Processing plants near fish harbor After that seafood is stored in cold stores till demand/order is received Fish is exported through sea route mainly Local seafood purchaser use non temperature controlled vehicles for transportation due to high cost About 80% of the seafood is exported while only 20% is consumed locally .

21. Theme 2: Challenges in Seafood Supply Chain Hygiene maintenance at all stages of seafood supply chain. High operating cost of sea processing Non competitive local industry internationally due to high cost. Theme 3: Cold Storage in Seafood Supply Chain Reduce post harvest loss by storing Storage Temperature : -18°C Increase seafood shelf life Preserve food taste and texture Helps in meeting demand fluctuations

22. Theme 4: Cold Storage Design and Infrastructure Approval authority: Marine Fisheries Department Key Factors : Storage temperature , storage space , inventory managemet Backup power Theme 5: Quality Standard & Regulations Insignificant export to EU countries due to unhygienic conditions Major export to China due to less strict regulations

23. Theme 6: Seafood Pricing Inflation is the major cause Seasonal demand can lead to price fluctuations Theme 7: Risk Management in Seafood Supply Chain Use of Non Refrigerated vehicles for local transportation Illegal fishing causing danger to supply resources Unhygienic conditions leading to loss of export potential & post harvest lost.

24. Theme 8: Importance of Temperature Maintenance Single most important factor in seafood Extends seafood life Temperature is key in every stage including fishing, auctioning, processing and distribution Theme 9: Price Stability and Cold Storage Excess storage of seafood in high supply season can influence price Shelf life of seafood is the main constrain in prolong storage Prolong storage cause Rancidity and Off Flavor Prevention of post harvest loss cause price stability

25. Impact of Cold Storage on Seafood Industry’s Supply Chain Preservation of Seafood Quality and Freshness Extension of Shelf Life Meeting International Export Standards Efficient Inventory Management Integration with Processing Plants Analysis

26. Risks Mitigation by Cold Storage Facilities Reduction of Spoilage Risk Buffer Stock Capability Improved Inventory Management and Long-term Planning Stabilization of the Supply Chain

27. Cold Storage and Price Stability Managing Supply Fluctuations Preventing Price Drops and Spikes Bulk Purchasing and Strategic Release Contribution to Stable Pricing

28. Summary of Key Points: Cold storage is essential for preserving seafood quality, extending shelf life, and stabilizing the supply chain. It is crucial in reducing spoilage, managing inventory, and maintaining price stability. Overall Importance: Cold storage enhances the efficiency and stability of the seafood supply chain, supporting market competitiveness and sustainability.

29. Recommendations for Addressing Gaps and Areas for Improvement Investment in Cold Storage Infrastructure: Invest in advanced facilities with modern temperature control systems to ensure optimal seafood quality preservation. Enhanced Regulatory Compliance and Quality Standards: Ensure strict adherence to hygiene and quality standards, with regular inspections and certifications. This will make seafood more acceptable in stringent markets such as the EU.

30. Recommendations for Addressing Gaps and Areas for Improvement Adoption of Smart Technology: Integrate IoT sensors and automated monitoring systems for real-time data on temperature, humidity, and inventory levels. This ensures optimal storage conditions and quick response to any deviations. Enhanced Traceability and Transparency: Develop robust traceability systems that track seafood from catch to consumer. Integrate these systems with cold storage management for detailed records of storage conditions and duration. Enhanced traceability builds consumer trust and ensures accountability.

31. Thank you

32. Global Frozen Food Market – An Overview* Global Food Freezing Market Size: The global frozen, canned and dried food market is expected to grow from $407 billion in 2020 to $440 billion in 2022 at a (CAGR) of 8.2%, reaching $585 billion in 2025 at a CAGR of 7%. Asia Pacific was the largest region in the category, accounting for 32% of the market in 2022. North America was the second largest region, accounting for 28% of the market while Africa the smallest. Environmental Impact: The adoption of energy-efficient freezing technologies has led to a 20% reduction in carbon emissions associated with food freezing processes globally. Consumer Preferences and Trends: According to a recent survey, 75% of consumers prefer frozen fruits and vegetables, 58% for the frozen and processed meat, for their convenience and longer shelf life due to their ease of preparation. An ever-increasing demand for local, sustainable and organic food production is expected to positively impact the market. Major companies I n the frozen, canned and dried food market include Dole; Ardo NV; HJ Heinz; Simplot; General Mills *Source: Persistence Market Research-Individual Quick Freeze Market

33. Pakistan Frozen Food Market – An Overview The market is segmented into chicken, beef, mutton, seafood, fruits, vegetables and wheat products The market evolution started in the late 90s by K&Ns. Today, around 15 players exist in the market K&Ns is a leading brand in the market for poultry products with its state-of-the-art equipment and the capacity to export ready to eat and ready to cook frozen food products globally. They use mechanical IQF freezing for nuggets and tempuras Al Shaheer Foods stands as a market leader in the mutton and beef categories. 2019/20 revenue PKR 3.9 B Fauji Fresh n Freeze stands as the market leader in frozen fruits and vegetables category setting up the first IQF fruit and vegetable processing facility in Pakistan Trends suggest that the market will continue to evolve at a faster rate than it has in the past

34. Pakistan Food Freezing Market– An Overview* Company K & N Pvt. Ltd. National Group of Companies Sabir’s Group Sufi Group of Companies Brands Inception Year 1964 2006 2017 1952 Category Poultry Poultry, Seafood, Vegetables, Wheat Poultry Poultry Products Kabab Temptations Ready to cook Ready to Cook Ready to Cook Breaded Selection Ready to eat Ready to Eat Ready to Eat Deline Wheat range Prime Cuts Raw Chicken and Mince Bakistry Veggie Range Whole Chicken Samosa & Spring roll Frozen chicken Toppingz ‘n Fillingz Chilled Chicken Tender Brest Chicken by parts Marinato Seafood Stok French fries Whole chicken designer cuts and boneless meat Frozen Parathas Technology IQF at -21 ℃ Blast Freezing Blast Freezer (Prime Cuts) and IQF at -18 ℃ - The market also comprises of big players in the export category such as Al Shaheer Foods, one of the largest meat exporters in the country Dawn Foods, Mon Salwa , Meezan Foods are also notable mentions in the industry contributing their share in the market

35. Pakistan Frozen Food Market – An Overview* Company Brands Products Capacity Revenue Geographical Reach Technology* K & N Pvt. Ltd. K & N’s Chicken: Whole Chicken, Prime Cuts, Ready to Eat (RTE), Ready to cook (RTC) -- - UAE, UK, France, Spain, US, IQF -21 ℃ Al Shaheer Foods Khaas Meat Mutton, Chicken, Beef Seafood, Offals Slaughtering Capacity: 40 heads/hour Meat Storage: 60-90 ton/day PKR 3.9 B in 2020 PKR 4.1 B in 2019 Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad Cold Storage with Chillers Meat One Same as above Professional Line Same as above Al Shaheer Foods (Export Line) Same as above Kuwait, Oman, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar National Group of Companies Seasons Foods: Menu Chicken and Seafood: RTC, RTE, Breads and Parathas, Frozen savory snacks, French fries - - Pakistan (Will explore further) Blast Freezing Sabir’s Group Sabroso Chicken: Whole Chicken, Prime Cuts, RTE, RTC 6000 birds/ hour Karachi, Lahore Blast Freezer (Prime Cuts) IQF at -18 ℃ PK Meat and Food Company Pvt. Ltd. PK Foods Chicken, Beef and Mutton: RTE, RTC - - Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Oman, Bahrain Blast Freezing Dawn Foods Dawn Chicken, Vegetable, Wheat: RTC, RTE, ready to bake - - Pakistan - Sufii Group of Companies Simply Sufi Chicken : Raw, RTE, RTC Pakistan Multi Food Industries Prime Harvest Mazedar Vegetable, Wheat: Parathay , savoury snacks, Sweets - - Worldwide(vague) - Meezan Foods Meezan Seafoods, Fruits, Vegetable : RTE, RTC, canned, frozen mango chunks - - Pakistan - Quik Food Industries Mon Salwa Chicken, Beef, Seafood, Vegetable : RTE, RTC - - EU, Middle East, US, Canada, Australia - *Source: Annual Reports, Corporate Documentaries, Dawn News