Capter 4 Case Tools.pptx System Analysis and Design

Case Tools

1. Course: CSC1108 - System Analysis & Design Semester: January 2024 Lecturer: Ms Jayashiry Morgan

2. Chapter 4: Case Tools

3. Learning Outcomes By the end of this session, students should be able to explain: 1. Briefly explain what CASE tools is. 2. What are the cases for using CASE tools? 3. What are the types of CASE tools, and explain? 4. How to create flowcharts? 5. What is prototyping?

4. Overview CASE Tools Flowcharts Decision Tables Project Management Tools Prototyping Types & examples of CASE Tools

5. CASE Tools Definition : Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tools are automated software packages designed to streamline and automate activities within the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). Objective : CASE tools aim to enforce an engineering-oriented approach to software systems development, ranging from simple diagramming tools to advanced programs that automate various SDLC stages. Historical Context : CASE tools have been in use since the early 1990s.

6. The Case for Using CASE Tools Improving System Quality Increasing Analyst Productivity Enhancing Communication Encouraging Integrated SDLC Approach Effective Project Management Particularly Useful for Maintenance

7. And more specifically: Documentation Creation/Modification Efficient Distribution and Review Record-Keeping for SDLC Enhanced Team Interaction Improved Communication with Users Identifying Interrelation and Continuity Crucial for Rapid Development Methodologies

8. Potential Drawbacks of CASE Tools Lack of standards among different CASE tools. Development should be driven by the analyst and not by the CASE tools. CASE tools are no substitute for human expertise .

9. Flowcharts Chart the path from a starting point to the final destination Can display various amounts of detail When developing a system General flowchart describes the overall purpose and structure of the system

10. Flowcharts Some Basic Flowcharting Symbols

11. Flowcharts Very Simple Flowchart Example

12. Flowcharts Payroll Process Flowchart

13. Decision Tables Can be used as an alternative to or in conjunction with flowcharts In general, a decision table displays The various conditions that could exist The different actions that the computer should take

14. Decision Tables Very Simple Decision Table Example

15. Decision Tables Decision Table for Airline Reservation System

16. Project Management Tools Purpose is to plan, monitor, and control necessary development activities Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) Creates three time estimates for an activity The shortest possible time The most likely time The longest possible time Gantt charting A grid that lists activities and deadlines Project crashing Reducing project completion time

17. Project Management Tools Gantt Chart

18. Prototyping The creation of a preliminary model or version of a major subsystem or a small, scaled-down version of the entire system Iterative approach to systems development Each phase of the SDLC is repeated several times (iterated)

19. Uses of Prototyping Alternative to Traditional SDLC : Prototyping serves as an alternative to the traditional SDLC approach. Information Gathering Technique : It is a technique for gathering information during the requirements analysis phase, aiding in understanding user needs.

20. Purposes of Prototyping User Reaction: Understand users' reactions to working with the prototype. Assessment of Features: Assess how well the prototype's features address users' requirements.

21. Guidelines for Developing Prototypes Modular Work: Work in manageable modules and modify in successive iterations. Cost Estimation: Estimate the costs of building the prototype. Rapid Development: Build the prototype rapidly. User Interface Emphasis: Stress the importance of the user interface.

22. Types of Prototypes Patched-Up Prototype: Includes all necessary features but may be inefficient. Non-Operational Prototype: Only input/output is prototyped (TASK). First-of-a-Series Prototype (Beta Version): The first full-scale model or pilot. Selected Features Prototype: An operational model with some features in a module.

23. Advantages of Prototypes Potential for Early Changes Opportunity to Halt Non-Working Systems System Alignment with User Requirements

24. Disadvantages of Prototypes Management Complexity Cost Increase

25. Types of CASE Tools There are three types of CASE tools: Upper CASE Support analysis and design Lower CASE Support programming and implementation Integrated CASE Combines both upper and lower CASE

26. Types of CASE Tools Upper CASE Tools Support strategic planning and construction of concept-level products and ignore the design aspect. Create and modify the system design. Information about the project stored in the CASE repository (reports, diagrams, files) Support modelling of how the system fits into the organization. Analysis reports show incomplete parts and errors in the system design e.g. balance between process and data models.

27. Types of CASE Tools Lower CASE Tools Concentrate on the back-end activities of the software life cycle Generate source code and reduce need for systems programming. Time for maintenance is reduced because test and debug are eliminated. Once mastered, promote the re-use of existing documentation and components.