Carbon_Harvesting_CCS_Presentation_Detailed.pptx

Interaction between environment and plants and humans..
Store toxic carbon dioxide
Re use again by humans and plants and animals...
Introduction
Contents
Diagrams
Process
Types
Recent projects
Detail.
Examples
Implant in Pakistan
Effects
Benefits and drawbacks
Conclusion

1. Carbon Harvesting Carbon farming Carbon Capture & Storage ( CCS)

2. Contents 1. Intro 2. Examples 3. Working Process 4. Countries using CCS 5. Effects (Before & After) 6. Implementation in Pakistan 7. Environmental Comparison 8. Effects in Pakistan 9. Ecosystem Interaction 10. Conclusions & Recommendations

3. Introduction: What is Carbon capturing ? Carbon harvesting :- capturing CO₂ from point sources or air and storing/utilizing it to reduce atmospheric concentration and mitigate climate change.

4. Why CCS matters Reduces emissions from hard-to-abate sectors (cement, steel, power). Enables negative emissions when combined with biomass (BECCS).

5. Examples — Landmark Projects 1. Sleipner (Norway) 2. Boundary Dam (Canada) 3. Gorgon (Australia) 4. Quest (Canada) 5. Petra Nova (USA - demonstration)

6. Examples — Recent & Large-Scale Northern Lights (Norway) — CO₂ shipping & storage Heidelberg Materials & Liverpool Bay partnerships (UK) Saudi Aramco DAC pilot (Saudi Arabia)

7. Global CCS Landscape Hundreds of projects in planning/operation; tracked by IEA and Global CCS Institute. Applications across power, cement, hydrogen, and industrial clusters.

8. How Capture Works ? Three main routes: • Pre-combustion • Post-combustion • Oxy-fuel Plus: Direct Air Capture (DAC) and industrial capture variants.

9. Pre-Combustion Capture Fuel is gasified; CO₂ removed before combustion . Common in integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plants and industrial syngas processes.

10. Post-Combustion Capture CO₂ is captured from flue gas using solvents, sorbents, or membranes. Retrofit-friendly for existing plants.

11. Oxy-fuel Combustion & DAC Oxy-fuel: burn fuel in oxygen → concentrated CO₂ stream. DAC: chemical capture of CO₂ directly from ambient air (energy-intensive).

12. Capture Technologies: Solvents & Sorbents Chemical solvents (amine scrubbing), solid sorbents, membranes, cryogenic separation; trade-offs: cost, energy penalty, scalability.

13. Compression & Transport Captured CO₂ compressed to supercritical state, transported by pipeline, ship, or truck to storage/utilisation sites.

14. Storage Options 1. Geological storage (saline aquifers, depleted oil/gas fields) 2. Mineralization 3. Ocean storage (experimental/controversial) 4. Utilization ( EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery) , chemicals).

15. Geological Storage Safety & Monitoring Site characterisation, injection modeling, monitoring (seismic, pressure, tracers), and long-term risk management to prevent leakage.

16. Working Process — Step-by-step 1. Capture at source 2. Purify & compress 3. Transport 4. Inject into storage 5. Monitor & verify permanence.

17. Before & After Case Studies — Boundary Dam (Canada) Before: coal plant CO₂ emissions unabated. After: partial capture (~1 MtCO₂ / yr ) { "approximately one  million tones of carbon dioxide equivalent  per year". } demonstrating retrofit possibilities and economic trade-offs.

18. Before & After: Sleipner & Northern Lights (Norway) Before: industrial CO₂ venting. After: long-term offshore geological storage with strict monitoring; enables industrial decarbonisation clusters.

19. Environmental & Social Effects in Host Countries Benefits: emission reductions, local jobs, industrial decarbonisation. Challenges: costs, public acceptance, potential leakage concerns, and energy demand for capture.

20. Economic Considerations High capex and opex; value improved by policy (carbon price, tax credits), CO₂ utilization markets, and economies of scale.

21. Policy & Regulation Enablers Carbon pricing, storage liability frameworks, permitting, public funding, and international cooperation (transport & cross-border storage).

22. Comparison: CCS vs Renewable Pathways CCS reduces emissions from existing industries; renewables avoid emissions. Both are complementary for net-zero: CCS for industry + renewables for power decarbonisation.

23. CCS & Net-Zero Scenarios IPCC and IEA pathways often include CCS and BECCS to achieve net-negative emissions and meet 1.5–2°C goals.

24. Implementation in Pakistan — Current Status No large-scale commercial CCS yet; feasibility studies and conference papers indicate potential in depleted oil/gas fields and cement sector applications.

25. Implementation in Pakistan — Future Pathways Options: pilot projects in cement and power plants, utilization of depleted reservoirs, cluster approach near industrial zones, policy incentives and international partnerships.

26. Effects in Pakistan — Before & After (Projected) Before: high emissions in cement, power, industry. After (projected with CCS): reduced sectoral CO₂, support for NDCs; requires investment, policy and infrastructure.

27. Interaction with Ecosystems Potential impacts: footprint of infrastructure, induced seismicity risk (low), groundwater concerns if poorly managed, but overall climate benefits help ecosystems by limiting warming.

28. Stakeholder & Public Engagement Essential to ensure social license: transparent risk communication, local benefit sharing, and community monitoring programs.

29. Research, Capacity Building & Financing Needs: trained workforce, R&D, pilot demonstrations, blended finance, and international technical partnerships.

30. Risks, Limitations & Ethical Considerations Moral hazard concern (delay renewables), permanence uncertainty, unequal distribution of benefits/risks—governance needed.

31. Recommendations & Roadmap for Pakistan 1. Start pilots in cement & oil/gas fields 2. Build regulatory framework 3. Access international finance 4. Invest in monitoring & capacity 5. Integrate CCS into national climate strategy.

32. Conclusion CCS is a critical tool for hard-to-abate sectors and for negative emissions when combined with BECCS. For Pakistan, careful planning, pilots, and policy support can enable future CCS deployment.