Cardiac failure

A presentation on Cardiac Failure

1. PRESENTATION ON CARDIAC FAILURE 1

2. PRESENTED BY- Marzeea Ahmad Raka ID : 1320703046 Suraiya Ahmed ID : 1320916046 Nusrat Alam Mou ID: 1321238046 Usha showdagor ID: 1320012046 Mir T asnia Noshin ID: 1320877046 2

3. OBJECTIVES Definition of Cardiac Failure Sign and symptoms of Cardiac Failure Types of Cardiac Failure (Right and Left) Causes of Cardiac Failure Diagnosis of Cardiac Failure Treatment of Cardiac Failure 3

4. What is Cardiac Failure? In medical terms cardiac failure is defined as the condition when heart is unable to pump enough blood required for normal body functions. Human body needs sufficient amount of oxygen which is supplied by heart through blood. Heart failure or cardiac failure is a serious condition and needs immediate medical care. 4

5. Heart attack leads to Cardiac arrest or heart failure ! 5

6. Signs & Symptoms Congested Lungs Dyspnea (shortness of breath) Dizziness, Fatigue and Weakness Fluid and Water r etention Peripheral Edema Rapid or irregular heart beats Most common noncardiac signs and symptoms of heart failure include anorexia, nausea, weight loss, bloating, weakness, oliguria (less urine output), nocturia (excess urine output), and cerebral symptoms of varying severity, ranging from anxiety to memory impairment and confusion. 6

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8. TYPES OF CARDIAC FAILURE Mainly two types- Left cardiac failure Right cardiac failure 8

9. LEFT CARDIAC FAILURE Involves the left ventricle (lower chamber) of the heart. Systolic failure The heart looses it’s ability to contract or pump blood into the circulation. Diastolic failure The heart looses it’s ability to relax because it becomes stiff. Heart cannot fill properly between each beat. 9

10. Systolic and diastolic heart failure are treated with different types of medications. In both types, blood may “back up” in the lungs causing fluid to leak into the lungs (pulmonary edema). Fluid may also build up in tissues throughout the body (edema). 10

11. Right CARDIAC Failure Usually occurs as a result of left heart failure The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs for oxygen Occasionally isolated right heart failure can occur due to lung disease or blood clots to the lung (pulmonary embolism) 11

12. CAUSES OF CARDIAC FAILURE Coronary artery disease Heart attack High blood pressure Heart muscle diseases (cardiomyopathy) Heart inflammation (myocarditis) Congenital heart defects Severe lung disease Diabetes Severe anemia Hyperthyroidism Abnormal heart rhythms 12

13. CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE Coronary artery disease (CAD), a disease of the arteries that supply blood and oxygen to the heart . Cholesterol and fatty deposits build up in the heart’s arteries Less blood and oxygen reach the heart muscle This causes decreased blood flow to the heart muscle and occasionally damages the heart muscle 13

14. HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE If a person has high blood pressure, this means that his/her heart has to work harder to push blood throughout body. To cope with this extra effort , heart becomes thicker and stiffer, which makes it less able to do its job. Uncontrolled high blood pressure doubles a persons risk of developing heart failure. 14

15. Heart attack: A heart attack occurs when a coronary artery becomes suddenly blocked, stopping the flow of blood to the heart muscle. A heart attack damages the heart muscle, resulting in a scarred area that does not function properly. Diabetes: Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of heart failure (HF) independent of coronary heart disease and hypertension and may cause a cardiomyopathy (damage to the heart muscle). 15

16. OTHERS Severe anemia Not enough red blood cells to carry oxygen. Heart beats faster and can become overtaxed with the effort. Hyperthyroidism Body metabolism is increased and overworks the heart. Abnormal Heart Rhythm If the heart beats too fast, too slow or irregular it may not be able to pump enough blood to the body. 16

17. Diagnosis of Cardiac Failure Blood tests B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) blood test CXR (Chest X-ray) EKG (Echocardiogram) ECG (Electrocardiogram) EF (Ejection fraction) 17

18. TREATMENTS Medication is the first line of treatment for heart failure. The drugs include the following: Diuretics (frusemide, spironolactone, metolazone) Beta blockers (bisoprolol, carvedilol, metoprolol, nebivolol) ACE inhibitors (captopril, enalapril, ramipril, peridopril) Angiotensin receptor blockers (candesartan, valsartan, losartan) Digoxin Nitrates 18

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20. TREATMENT OPTIONS Surgery and other Medical Procedures: Not often used in heart failure unless there is a correctable problem. Coronary artery bypass Angioplasty Valve replacement Defibrillator implantation Heart transplantation Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) 20

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22. CHANGES IN LIFESTYLE Stop smoking Loose weight Avoid alcohol Avoid or limit caffeine Eat a low-fat, low-sodium diet Exercise Reduce stress Keep track of symptoms and weight and report any changes or concern to the doctor Limit fluid intake Consult with doctor more frequently 22

23. REFERENCES Textbook of Medical Physiology- Guyton & Hall http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_failure http:// www.webmd.com/heart-disease/guide-heart-failure http://medimoon.com/2012/08/what-is-the-difference-between-heart-attack-and-heart-failure / http:// www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-failure/basics/symptoms/con-20029801 http:// www.webmd.com/heart-disease/guide-heart-failure?page=2#3 23

24. THANK YOU ! 24