cardiovascular accident heart problem .pptx

this ppt is use full to know about cardiovascular problem and good diet management

1. WELCOME Presented By YOGITA CHANDRAKAR

2. CHHATTISGARH NURSING COLLEGE DHANORA BHILAI,(C.G.) . PRESENTED TO PRESENTED BY MISS YOGITA BSC NURSING 4 RD SEM

3. “ SEMINOR ON ” SUBJECT :- ADULT HEALTH NURSING II TOPIC :- CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT

4. INTRODUCTION Cerebrovascular accident is a term used to described neurological changes caused by interruption in the blood supply to a part of the brain. A stroke is a medical emergency and can cause permanent neurological damage and death.

5. DEFINITION According to Javed Ansari :- “Cerebrovascular accident is an interruption of the blood supply to any part of the brain resulting in a sudden loss of brain function.” According to B.T. Basavantappa :- “Cerebrovascular accident or brain attack is the onset and persistence of neurologic dysfunction lasting longer than 24 hours and resulting from disrupting of blood supply to the brain and indicate infarction rather than ischemia.”

6. INCIDENCE According to WHO is million people world wide suffer as stroke each year, with 5 million dying and another 5 million permanently disabled. In India a 2022 systemic review estimated that the crude incidence of stroke in India was between 108-172 per 1,00,000 people per year.

7. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY CEREBRAL STROKE

8. TYPES CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT Ischemic stroke Hemorrhagic stroke Thrombotic stroke Embolic stroke

9. TYPES 1. Ischemic stroke 2. Hemorrhagic stroke An ischemic strokes make up about 87% of all CVA cases. This type of CVA event occurs due to a blockage of blood flow to the brain. The blockage may be due to blood clots , plaque building on the pressure of other substances in the blood. Hemorrhagic stroke is less common than ischemic strokes. It occurs when an artery in the brain bursts or leaks blood. The pooling blood puts pressure on the brain, causing damage. This types of stroke often occurs due to high blood pressure or an aneurysm, which is a bulge in an artery that can lead to a burst.

10. FIGURE 1. Ischemic stroke 2. Hemorrhagic stroke

11. ISCHEMIC STROKE TYPE Thrombotic stroke Embolic stroke A thrombotic stroke occurs when a blood clot (thrombus) forms in one of the arteries that supply blood to the brain. An embolic stroke occurs when a blood clot on other debris from away from the brain.

12. CAUSES

13. 1. Large artery disease 2 . Carotid artery disease

14. 3. HYPERTENSION 4. FAMILY HISTORY

15. 5. ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS 6. BRAIN ANEURYSM

16. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

17. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

18. 1. HISTORY TAKING 2. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION

19. 3. NEUROLOGICAL EXAMINATION 4. COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY

20. 5.CONVENTIONAL ANGIOGRAM 6. CAROTID DOPPLER ULTRASTRUCTURE

21. 7. LABORATORY TEST

22. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT DRUG NAME DOSE ROUTE INJECTION MANNITOL 0.8-0.9 gm/kg for 10 Days IV TABLET CILOSTAZAL 100 mg ( twice a day) Orally INJECTION NITROPRUSIDE 25 mg/2ml Vail/IV infusion INJECTION CEFTRIAXONE 1-2gm/DAY in a single daily dose IV

23. 1. CAROTID ENDARTEREETOMY 2. THROMBECTOMY SURGICAL MANAGEMENT

24. DIETARY MANAGEMENT 1. FRUITS AND VEGITABLES 2. STARCHY FOODS

25. 3. PROTEIN RICH FOODS 4. LOW SIDIUM DIET

26. 5. CUT DOWN ON FULL FAT MILK 6. SALMAN FISH

27. COMPLICATION Loss of muscle movement known as paralysis. Trouble taking on swallowing. Memory loss on trouble thinking. Emotional symptoms. Pain. Changes in behavior and self care.

28. 1. Eat a diet rich in fruit and vegetables. 2. Exercise regularly. 3. Limit alcohol. 4.Quit smoking. 5. Talk with doctor about health. PREVENTION

29. Cerebrovascular accident is a medical emergency which can be prevented it the risk factors are reduced. In case of stroke, the patiens must be instantly brought to the hospital and be given immediate interventions. Conclusion

30. THANK YOU