carl Linnaeus

biography of carl Linnaeus , marriage, travel and research, legacy of Linnaeus, most famous contribution to science, mankind , whole life career , books written by carl ,last year , and time line of his life

1. Science round up task Muhammad Abubakar Siddique 8-Q

2. Biography of Carl Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus was born in may 23 1707.He was born in a village of Rashult in Smaland , Sweden and he was Swedish .Carl Linnaeus is also known as Carl Von Linné, Carolus A Linné, Carolus Linnaeus. In 1716-1727 Carl Linnaeus studied in a city Växjö .Carl studied very bad especially on the basic subjects – theology and ancient languages. He was interested in only botany and mathematics. In 1727 Linnaeus passed the exams and was accepted to the Lund University, and he studied in other Universities also like Uppsala University and University of Harderwijk.

3. Marriage In 1733 Linnaeus met Sara Lisa Moraeus and dressed up in the traditional Sami kolt to impress on her, but her father didn't want to give her away in marriage before Linnaeus earned his degree in medicine and could prove that he could earn enough money for a family. In 1735 Linnaeus moved to the Netherlands, for three years. Here he earned his degree in medicine. He also published his book on plant classification. Later he moved to Stockholm and practiced as a doctor. On the 23rd of July 1739 Linnaeus married Sara Morea in Stockholm

4. Travel and research Throughout the 1740s he conducted many field trips to places in Sweden to name plants and animals. When not on travels, Linnaeus worked on his classification, so it would work for plants, animals, and minerals. The Swedish king Adolf Fredrik made Linnaeus a noble in 1757, and Linnaeus took the last name von Linné, later often signing just Carl Linné.

5. The Legacy of Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus was a renowned botanist, physician and zoologist and one of the most influential scientists in history. He attempted to describe the natural world in its entirety and explore the relationships between groups of organisms and individual species. He is known as “the father of modern taxonomy,” “the father of botany” and has also been called the first ecologist. He was the first to define the human being as an animal among other animals, naming it Homo sapiens.

6. Linnaeus’ most famous contributions to science Popularization of Binomial Nomenclature: Binomial nomenclature is the Latin scientific name of a species that is formed by the combination of the genus and species name (e.g. Homo sapiens). Although Linnaeus was not the first to use binomial nomenclature, he was the first to use it consistently, and it is now the scientific standard internationally.

7. Taxonomic Classification System: Taxonomic Classification System Linnaeus sought a universal classification of all creation within a hierarchy based on morphological characteristics. At the top were three Kingdoms: Animalia for animals, Vegetabilia for plants and Mineralia for minerals. Kingdoms were divided into Classes, Classes into Orders, Orders into Genera, which were in turn divided into Species. Although, the classification system used today is based on Linnaean taxonomy, much has been re-classified due to new discoveries and scientific progress, especially with the advent of phylogenetic systematics and genomics.

8. Linnaeus borealis:Said to be Linnaeus’ favorite plant and personal symbol when he was ennobled, this plant is also the emblem of Linnaeus’ home province. “If a tree dies, plant another in its place.”

9. Mankind Linnaeus classified man as among the primates, which was already well understood by anthropologists like Blumenbach and natural historians like Buffon. It attracted the criticism of the Swedish church. The Lutheran Archbishop of Uppsala accused him of "impiety“ . Linnaeus recognized four races in the  human  species. These were European whites, American reds (Native Americans), Asian browns, and African blacks. Blumenbach's classification was similar, with the addition of a Mongolian (= Chinese) or yellow race. Thus recognition of man's position as a primate and the existence of races was quite widespread before the theory of evolution was formulated .

10. Career By age 17, Linnaeus had become well-versed in all of the existing botanical literature. That same year, he entered the ‘Växjö Katedralskola’ (Cathedral School) where he studied advanced topics such as mathematics, theology, Greek and Hebrew, a series of courses used for boys interested in joining the priesthood. In 1721, he enrolled in the ‘University of Lund’ to study botany full-time. Following his mentor Johan Rothman's guidance, Linnaeus began to learn to classify plants. In 1728, he transferred to ‘Uppsala University’ to continue to study both medicine and botany. While there, he made a strong connection with Olof Celsius, who would later invent the popular temperature scale used around the world today.

11. Linnaeus wrote his first master thesis on plant sexual reproduction in 1728. A year later, he was invited to give lectures on the paper to hundreds of people. In 1732, he was awarded a large grant from the ‘Royal Swedish Society of Sciences’ to pay for an extensive journey through northern Sweden in search of new plants, animals and mineral deposits. During the expedition, he discovered a small flower, ‘Linnaea borealis’, which would later be named in his honor. In 1734, he led an expedition of students to Dalarna, to catalog and possibly discover new mineral deposits. In 1735, Linnaeus traveled to the Netherlands where he was awarded a doctoral degree in medicine from the University of Harderwijk. Later in the same year, this renowned scientist published his masterpiece 'Systema Naturaea', a detailed new system for classifying plants. In 1737, he published the results of his long journey through the Scandinavian tundra in a book entitled 'Flora Lapponian', which classified over 534 different species of flora in the region. The same year, Carolus published 'Genera Plantarum', in which he described over 935 different genera of plants.

12. Also in 1737, he published 'Hortus Cliffortianus', an extensive catalog of the plants in the herbarium and botanical garden in the city of Hartekampf. The following year, he returned to Sweden and became a physician. In 1741, he was appointed to become a professor of Medicine at ‘Uppsala University’. Ten days after receiving the new job, he led a team of university students on an expedition to discover medicinal plants. Over 100 previously undiscovered plants were catalogued. In 1745, Linnaeus published two books: ' Floria Suecica' and 'Fauna Suecica' about the totality of natural life in Sweden. In 1750, he became the rector of ‘Uppsala University’. He would hold the position for the next 22 years

13. Books written by carl

14. Last years After he was made a noble, he continued teaching and writing. His reputation had spread over the world, and he talked with many different people. Linnaeus was upset by weak health, and he had gout and tooth aches. A stroke in 1774 weakened him, and two years later he had another, losing the use of his right side. He died on January 1778 and was buried in Uppsala cathedral.

15. Time line of carl

16. Part 2 his work