CARPET TESTING.pdf

Carpets, once a symbol of intricate craftsmanship, were traditionally handwoven by skilled artisans who spent hours, days, or even months on a single piece. These handwoven carpets, often made from natural fibers like wool, silk, or cotton, were not only functional but also served as an expression of cultural heritage and artistic expression. The painstaking labor involved in creating these carpets made them highly valuable, and they were often considered precious heirlooms passed down through generations. The techniques used in hand weaving were passed along through families and communities, with each region developing its own unique styles, patterns, and weaving techniques.

However, in recent decades, the world of carpet production has drastically changed due to technological advancements and the introduction of machines into the manufacturing process. Today, many carpets are produced by machines, allowing for faster, more efficient production on a much larger scale. This shift from handwoven to machine-made carpets has significantly increased the volume of carpet production, making carpets more affordable and accessible to a wider market. Machines can now replicate intricate designs, colors, and textures that were once the sole domain of skilled weavers, and modern carpet manufacturing methods can produce carpets at an unprecedented speed, often with higher uniformity and consistency compared to their handmade counterparts.

Despite the increased efficiency of machine-made carpets, the quality of these carpets has continually improved. Advances in technology, such as the use of synthetic fibers and more sophisticated weaving techniques, have made it possible to create carpets that are not only visually appealing but also durable and long-lasting. Moreover, machine-made carpets can be designed to mimic the luxurious appearance and texture of handwoven carpets, offering a wide range of options to suit different tastes and budgets. Some machine-made carpets are even constructed with high-end fibers like wool and nylon, further enhancing their durability and comfort.

Nevertheless, handwoven carpets still hold a significant place in the market due to their historical and cultural value, craftsmanship, and uniqueness. These carpets are often considered investments, as they can appreciate in value over time, especially those that are rare or of historical significance. Collectors and connoisseurs of fine carpets continue to seek out these traditional works of art for their intricate designs and the rich stories they tell about the cultures from which they originate.

1. Presented by SAYAN KUNDU
SPECIAL TESTING
OF CARPET

2. INTRODUCTION
Carpetsusedtobehandwoven.However,today,fastandmanycarpetproductionis
providedbymachines.Oldcarpetsaremuchmorevaluable,butthequalityofmachine
carpetsisincreasingdaybyday.Theshareofcarpettestsperformedbyauthorized
laboratoriesisveryhigh.Atthesametime,manystandardshavebeendevelopedby
domesticandforeignorganizations.

3. Why Test?
There is no way to predict the performance of a carpet system without conducting a test. The resistance of carpet to
the spread of flame is a function of
• The generic type of face yarns used, The type of construction, including yarn texture,
• The density of the pile, and
• The presence of an under layment, attached or Separate.
SPECIAL TESTING OF CARPET
TESTS
The main tests performed to determine the quality of carpets are:
•Carpet abrasion test,
•Dynamic load application test,
•Static loading test,
•Pile height determination,
•Burning resistance test and
•Attrition test.
Other than these, the carpetsOther tests are performed to determine their physical properties.

4. CARPET ABRASION TEST
•Specimens of carpet are abraded by being rubbed against a standard abradant material.
•Specimen and abradant are clamped to the ends of two vertical shafts, the centres of which
are offset. The shafts rotate in the same direction and at the same speed, giving a motion
which ensures constant relative velocity between specimen and abradant at all parts of the
specimen.
•The recommended pressure for carpet testing of 0.56kg/cm².
The test specimen is a circle of 38mmdiameter which is held in the specimen head
DYNAMICLOADAPPLICATIONTEST
•Usedtodetectcrushanddamagecausedbycarpetpilelaying,walkingonit.
•Usingspecialistequipment,dynamicloadtestingforcarpetsentailsapplying
differentpressurestosimulatefootactivityorloads.

5. STATICLOADINGTEST
•Thethicknesslossresultingfromuseincarpetsismeasuredusingthestaticloading
technique.Thecarpetisfirstputthroughasimulationofuse,andthethicknessloss
thatresultsisthenmeasured.
•Involvesapplyingaconsistentloadtothecarpetforaspecificdurationtoevaluate
itsperformance.
PILEHEIGHTDETERMINATION
•Involvesmeasuringtheheightofthefibersabovethebackingmaterialusinga
specializedgauge.
•Helpsensurethecarpetmeetsspecifiedheightrequirements,impactingits
appearance.
•Itallowstoassessthecarpet'squality,consideringfactorssuchassoftness,
resistancetocrushingormattingovertime.

6. BURNING RESISTANCE TEST
•Involves subjecting a sample of the carpet to an open flame or controlled heat
source to assess its ability to resist burning.
•This test is crucial for safety and regulatory purposes,
•During the test, the sample carpet is exposed to the flame for a specific duration
while monitoring its reaction to the heat and flame. Some Factors are observed and
measured.
ATTRITIONTEST
•Toascertainhowthegeneralappearanceofcarpetsvarieswithuse,attrition
testsareconducted.
•Theundercoatsofcarpetsarealsodetectedbythesetestsforwear.
•Thistestalsoillustratestheelongationandflexibilitycharacteristicsofcarpet
andfloorcoverings.

7. SUMMARY
HereisthesummaryofSpecialTestingofCarpet.Theyare
•CarpetAbrasionTestevaluatesacarpet'swearresistancebysubjectingittoabrasiveaction,
simulatingfoottraffic.Measuresthelossoffiberandappearancechanges.
•DynamicLoadApplicationTestassessescarpet'sabilitytowithstandheavyloadsand
repetitiveimpactstosimulatefurnituremovementandhighfoottraffic.
•PileHeightDeterminationTestmeasuresthelengthofcarpetfiberstoensureconsistencyand
quality.
•BurningResistanceTestdeterminesacarpet'sreactiontofire,assessingitsflame-retardant
propertiesandspreadofflame.
•AttritionTestdeterminescarpetdurabilitythroughrubbingandabrasion,evaluatingits
resistancetowearandtearovertime.

8. CONCLUSION:-
Thereisnowaytopredicttheperformanceofacarpet
systemwithoutconductingatest.So,itisverymuch
importantforacarpettotestitandtobepresentedthatcarpet
toallveryeffectively.Forthis,Specialtestingofcarpetis
verymuchimportantinTextileTesting

9. THANK YOU