Causes of orthopedic impairment

causes of orthopedic impairment

1. SUBMITTED TO :- prof. sarita, m.d.u SUBMITTED BY :- Gunjan verma AN ASSIGNMENT ON CAUSES OF ORTHOPEDIC IMPAIRMENT .

2. Introduction :- Physical impairment means certain type of dysfunction and disturbance in the body resulting into its malfunctioning . Under federal law an orthopedic impairment means a severe bodily impairment that adversely affects a child’s education & performance . An orthopedic impairment involves the skeletal system , bones , joints and limitation of associated muscles .

3. Meaning :- Also known as Physical Disability . It is a significant physical limitation that impairs the ability to move or to complete motor activities . All orthopedic impairment fall in the definition or category of physical impairment , the reverse is not true .

4. Orthopedic children suffer from impairments of their muscles , skeletal or nervous system that may interfere with their natural functioning .

5. Definition:- Tver & Tver (1991), “ An orthopaedic impairment is an impairment that interfers with the normal functioning of bones , muscles or joints ”. Samuel & Romaine stated- “ The child may be considered handicapped, if his physical condition prevents full participation in childhood activities of a social, recreational , educational and vocational nature” .

6. Characteristics :-

7. Causes :-

8. Hereditary factors :-

9. Development of poor muscle & curvature of spine . MARFAN SYNDROME :-

10. A deformed foot which is twisted so that sole can not be placed on ground . CLUBFOOT :-

11. Osteogenesis imperfecta :- Children have brittle bone and are prone to fracture . Also known as ‘ Lobestien Syndrome’ .

12. Spinabifida :- Also known as ‘ Split Spine ’ . It occurs when mother lacks folate or folic acid during pregnancy .

13. Cerebral palsy :- Cerebra l:- the presence of a causative lesion or damage to the brain . Palsy :-consequences of such lesion in terms of loss or impairment in motor functioning .

14. Causes of lack of amniotic fluid in the womb of the mother , breech presentation (at delivery baby born with its hips) & family history of the condition . Dislocation of hip :-

15. Caused by gene mutation . Shown to be associated with advanced paternal age . Gene mutation affect bone formation . Achondroplasia :

16. Congenital defects :- This condition occurs at birth or before birth or develops during 1 st month of life , regardless of causation . A congenital disorder may be the result of genetic abnormalities , the intrauterine environment , errors of morphogenesis , Infection or a chromosomal abnormality . Congenital defects may cause missing bones , webbed fingers , cleft lips etc .

17. Polio :- Also called infantile paralysis , is an acute , infectious disease spread from person to person . Virus enters the central nervous system & cause motor problem .

18. Environmental factors :-

19. 1)Pre-natal environmental factors :- Oxygen deprivation . Rh -incompatibility . Intoxication. Toxemia. Viral infection for the expectant mother . Brain damage , brain fever . Malnourished mother . Drug addiction of mother . exposure to radioactive rays. Smoking & tobacco products .

20. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome :- FAS or foetal alcohol syndrome is a pattern of physical & mental defects that can form in a Fetus because of high level of consumption of alcohol during pregnancy .

21. During pregnancy can have serious implications for the child resulting into severe orthopedic impairment . STD’s & AIDS :-

22. 2) Post –natal environmental factors :- Caesarian cases . Infection with chronic disease . Unhygienic conditions . Oxygen deprivation . Improper use of forceps or Anesthesia . Accidental & incidental factors . TB of joints , Sinus , certain fever after birth . Prolonged labor .

23. 3) Para – natal environmental factors :- Poverty & socio-economic conditions. Child abuse . Accidental & incidental factors . Lead poisoning . Polio, burns & injuries . Malnutrition . Vein blocking . Spinal injury . Lack of vitamin D or calcium . Intoxication . Inhalation of heavy metals . Hypoxia .

24. Spinal cord injury occurs when a traumatic event results in damage of spinal cord or severs the nerves that rely signals up & down the spinal cord. Accidental & incidental factors :-

25. CHILD ABUSE :- Beaten , burned, sexually molested ,neglected by parents These can result in :- Facial disfigurement . Skeletal deformity . Muscular damage. Disabilities . sensory impairment . Neurological damage. POVERTY & LOW SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS :- Child marriage :- child mothers can deliver pre-mature babies . Illiteracy . Unhealthy living :- are damaging to the normal growth & development which results in physical deformities .

26. MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS :- MS is a disease in which our immune system attacks the protective sheath (myelin) that covers the nerves . Effect of infection & diseases :-

27. Greek word Arthro - Joints , Inflammation- Arthritides . Is a joint disorder that involves inflammation of one or more joints ARTHRITIS :-

28. Conclusion :- Orthopedic impaired children are those who suffers from defects, deformities & disturbances related to muscles, joints & skeletal system . These impairment can occur because of various causes . But it is possible to treat these impairments but they can’t be cured . Caution is must if we want to avoid these impairments .