CCC (Course on computer concept) design for college student

This course is designed to aim at imparting a basic level IT Literacy programme for the common man. This programme has essentially been conceived with an idea of giving an opportunity to the common man to attain computer literacy thereby contributing to increased and speedy PC penetration in different walks of life. After completing the course the incumbent should be able to the use the computer for basic purposes of preparing his personnel/business letters, viewing information on internet (the web), receiving and sending mails, preparing his business presentations, preparing small databases etc. This helps the small business communities, housewives, etc. to maintain their small accounts using the computers and enjoy in the world of Information Technology.

1. COURSE ON COMPUTER CONCEPT (CCC) Slide 1 of 84 HLC HELEN LOWRY COLLEGE

2. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers A computer is a machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions. A computer is a device capable of performing computations and making logical decisions at speed millions and even billion of times faster them human beings can. Computer is an electronic machine which is use for data processing. The output which comes after processing data through computer is known as Information. What is Computer? Slide 2 of 84 HLC

3. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Why Computers? Slide 3 of 84 HLC

4. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers 🢂 First Generation (1945 to 1955) 🢂 Second generation (1955 to 1965) 🢂 Third generation (1966 to 1970) 🢂 Fourth generation (1971 to 1980) 🢂 Fifth generation (1980 to present) Slide 4 of 84 HLC

5. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers 🢂 In 1946 first electronic computer ENAIC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator ) was developed by Mr. J.Presper Eckert and Mr. John Manuchly at University of Pennsylvania. 🢂 It uses 18,000 vacuum tubes and its c o st was $500,000. 🢂 Its weight was 30 tons and occupied a 30 by 50 foot space. 🢂 It produced large amount of heat. 🢂 Its speed was very slow. Slide 5 of 84 HLC

6. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Slide 6 of 84 HLC

7. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers 🢂 In this second generation vacuum tubes was replaced by transistors. 🢂 Speed / performance of this generation computers was improved in comparison to first generation computers. 🢂 Size , price , and heat produced reduced by using transistors. Slide 7 of 84 HLC

8. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Slide 8 of 84 HLC

9. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Slide 9 of 84 HLC

10. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers 🢂 In this third generation transistors was replaced by IC’s (Integrated Circuits i.e fabrication of thousands electronic components on single silicon chip ). 🢂 Using this drastic reduction in the size of computers. 🢂 Speed / performance was high in comparison to third generation. 🢂 Heat produced by computers was reduced. Slide 10 of 84 HLC 🢂 The maintenance cost of the computers in the third generation was also low. 🢂 The computing time taken by the computers of the third generation was lesser.

11. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Slide 11 of 84 HLC

12. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Slide 12 of 84 HLC

13. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers 🢂 In this generation IC’s are replaced by LSI (Large Scale Integrated Circuits : more number of electronic components on silicon chip) 🢂 These are low cast, small size and high performance in comparisons to third generation computers Slide 13 of 84 HLC 🢂 it became portable. 🢂 it is much faster and accuracy became more reliable. 🢂 i t became available for the common people as well.

14. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Slide 14 of 84 HLC

15. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers 🢂 In this generation LSI are replaced by VLSI (Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits) 🢂 Size and cost of these computers is very less and performance is very high Slide 15 of 84 HLC 🢂 The computers of the fifth generation had high capability and large memory capacity. 🢂 Working with computers of this generation was fast and multiple tasks could be performed simultaneously. 🢂 Some of the popular advanced technologies of the fifth generation include Artificial intelligence, Quantum computation, Nanotechnology, Parallel processing, etc.

16. T O P IC A computer can be divided into two main categories: Slide 16 of 84 Hardware Hardware is basically anything that you can touch with your fingers. Software For computer hardware to work it must follow a set of instructions that is supplied to it as software . Software is  a set of instructions, data or programs used to operate computers and execute specific tasks .  HLC HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

17. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Hardware refers to the computer’s physical components, CPU (central processing unit...Pentium chip) Monitor Keyboard & Mouse Disk Drive, Zip Drive, CD-ROM, DVD, Hard Drive Memory (RAM) Speakers Printer Slide 17 of 84 HLC

18. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers The term software refers to the set of instructions that directs the hardware to accomplish a task. System Software Application Software Utility Software A p p l ic a tion Software System Software (OS) H a rd w are Slide 18 of 84 HLC

19. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers 1. System Software/Operating System System Software are used to control all components of computer and serves as an interface between user and hardware. Slide 19 of 84 Control all Components of Computer Interface b/w user and Hardware HLC

20. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers 2. Application Software Application software is used or design for the specific purpose of the user. for example MS-WORD MS-EXCEL Corel Draw Game Slide 20 of 84 MS-POWER POINT Acd s ee Paint MS-ACCESS HLC

21. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers 3. Utility Software Utility Software is used to remove any problem or solve a complex situation in computer. for example Partition Magic Antivirus Security Software Slide 21 of 84 Backup utility Data Recovery Win Ghost HLC

22. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers 🢂 Bit : Slide 22 of 84 One digit, either or 1 🢂 Byte : any combination of or 1. also called an octet . Bits n Bytes HLC

23. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Computer only understand or 1 1 OFF ON Slide 23 of 84 HLC

24. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers 00011001 25 10110011 179 01000001 A The number 25 stored as 8 bits using the binary number system: The number 179 stored as 8 bits using the binary number system: The letter A stored as 8 bits using ASCII code: Slide 24 of 84 = = = = = = HLC

25. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Slide 25 of 84 HLC 1 2 4 8 16

26. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers 🢂 INPUT 🢂 PROCESSING 🢂 OUTPUT Exam Results! Slide 26 of 84 Information for the Exam HLC

27. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Consists of four parts where each part involves one or more specific components of the computer. Input Processing Output Storage Information Processing Cycle Slide 27 of 84 HLC

28. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Input Processing Output Storage Slide 28 of 84 HLC

29. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Input Storage D a ta Information Input: A computer receives data via input devices such as keyboard Slide 29 of 84 HLC

30. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Input P ro c es s ing Ou t put Storage D a ta Information Processing: A computer program performs operations Slide 30 of 84 on the data to transform it into information. HLC

31. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Input P D a ta Output: A computer produces the output through an output Slide 31 of 84 r d o e c e v s i s c i n e g s u c h as t h O e u t m p u o t n i t o r to d is p l ay t h e r es u I n l t f o o r m f a t h ti o e n S p t r o o r a c g e e s s in g operations. HLC

32. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Ou t put S t orage D a ta Information Storage: A computer stores the result of the processing operations in a storage device Slide 32 of 84 Input such as the hard disk HLC

33. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Input Processing Output Storage Adds each item cost together Organizes data Computes total due Note book R s 4.50 each Eraser R s 0.80 each Pen R s 1.50 each Stapler R s 2.20 each Slide 33 of 84 HLC

34. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers So Computer is an Electronic device which can: accept data process it give the result after that processing and also store processed data Input Ou t put P ro c es s ing Storage Slide 34 of 84 HLC

35. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers PC four major functions are: 🢂 Input data 🢂 Process data 🢂 Output information 🢂 Store data and information D A T A IN INF O RM A T I ON OUT Slide 35 of 84 HLC

36. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Data vs. Information Data is a representation of a fact or idea N u mber Word Picture Sound Information is data that has been organized or presented in a meaningful. Kuala Lumpur Mal a y sia examples of data 3 5 47 A hmad examples of information City- Kuala Lumpur Slide 36 of 84 Roll No. 3547 Name- Ahmad Country- Malaysia HLC

37. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers 2 + 2 = 4 Data vs. Instruction Instruction DATA Information Slide 37 of 84 HLC

38. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers A Typical Personal Computer System unit Display device External device External device Input devices A Personal Computer: Slide 38 of 84 HLC

39. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers KL M U 1 User type “ KLMU ” 2 Keyboard converts characters to a binary code; bits are transmitted to memory and to CPU for processing 3 All processing and storage are done in binary form 4 Transmission to printer is in binary form 5 Printer converts binary code to characters before printing K _ LM U _ Slide 39 of 84 HLC

40. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers T em p orary storage Outp u t In p ut R A M Floppy Disk Hard Disk Per m anent storage Monitor S p eaker Pri n ter W e b cam Scanner Slide 40 of 84 HLC

41. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Enter data to be processed Slide 41 of 84 🢂 Keyboard 🢂 Scanners 🢂 Mouse 🢂 Trackball 🢂 Touch screen 🢂 Microphone 🢂 Game Controller 🢂 Digital camera HLC

42. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Cabinet that houses all components 🢂 Motherboard 🢂 CPU 🢂 Memory modules System Unit System Unit Slide 42 of 84 HLC

43. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers A processor present in system unit is the part that is like a computer’s brain. A system unit is a personal computer component that houses other devices necessary for the computer to function. Slide 43 of 84 HLC

44. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Chassis Memory chips Disk drives The System Unit Cooling device Microprocessor (under cooling device) Power Supply Ports Adapter Card Slide 44 of 84 HLC

45. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Display Device Slide 45 of 84 A display device is a personal computer component that enables users to view the text and graphical data associated with a computer program. HLC

46. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Input Devices Slide 46 of 84 An input device is a personal computer component that enables users to enter data or instructions into a computer. HLC

47. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers External Devices Slide 47 of 84 There are several categories of external devices: 🢂 Microphone 🢂 Digital camera 🢂 Scanner 🢂 Speakers 🢂 Printer 🢂 Network device 🢂 External drive HLC

48. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers System Unit Components Slide 48 of 84 The system unit itself has several important sub- components, such as: 🢂 System Board 🢂 Central Processing Unit (CPU) 🢂 Memory 🢂 System Bus 🢂 Storage devices HLC

49. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Expansion slots AGP slot Ports CPU RAM slots Drive interfaces The System Board The system board is the personal computer component that acts as the backbone for the entire computer system. Slide 49 of 84 HLC

50. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers The Central Processing Unit (CPU) Slide 50 of 84 The central processing unit (CPU) , sometimes called microprocessor or just processor, is the real brains of the computer and is where most of the calculations take place. HLC

51. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Memory Slide 51 of 84 Memory is the personal computer component that comprises the electronic storage areas in the computer. It can be considered either volatile or non-volatile. HLC

52. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Hard Drive Co n troller V i d eo Co n troller Me m ory System Bus CPU The System Bus Slide 52 of 84 The system bus is the main communication path between the CPU and memory. HLC

53. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Storage Devices Slide 53 of 84 A storage device is a system unit component, such as a hard drive, that enables users to save data for reuse at a later time, even after the personal computer is shut down and restarted. HLC

54. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Internal view External view Wires from the power supply to the system board and drives Fan Voltage switch Socket for power cord Power switch Power Supplies Slide 54 of 84 A power supply is an internal computer component that converts AC power from an electrical outlet to the DC power needed by system components. HLC

55. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Cooling Systems Fan Heat sink Slide 55 of 84 Computer systems contain several components that require cooling: 🢂 The computer case 🢂 The CPU 🢂 The power supply 🢂 Some adapter cards 🢂 Some hard disk drives HLC

56. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers PCI bus Circuitry Adapter Cards An adapter card is a printed circuit board that you install into a slot on the computer’s system board to expand the functionality of the computer. Phone line co n nec t ion Circuit to connect to phone line Slide 56 of 84 HLC

57. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Riser Cards REAR FRONT Slide 57 of 84 M emory s l ots PCI/ISA slots on riser Peripheral connectors CPU A riser card is a board that plugs in to the system board and provides additional slots for adapter cards.. HLC

58. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Storage Devices The various types of storage devices used in personal computers are: 🢂 Floppy Disk Drives (FDD) 🢂 Hard Disk Drives (HDD) 🢂 Optical Drives 🢂 Tape Drives 🢂 Solid State Storage devices Slide 58 of 84 HLC

59. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Front view 3.5-inch floppy disk drive 3.5-inch floppy disk Rear view of floppy disk drive Data cable Power cable Slide 59 of 84 Floppy Disk Drives (FDD) FDD is a personal computer storage device that reads data from, and writes data to, removable disks made of flexible Mylar plastic covered with a magnetic coating and enclosed in a stiff, protective, plastic case. HLC

60. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Hard Disk Drives (HDD) Slide 60 of 84 HDD is a personal computer storage device that uses fixed media, which means that the disk is built into the drive and the drives are not removed from the computer unless you are performing an upgrade or a repair. HLC

61. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers An internal CD-ROM drive An external DVD drive A CD- R disc Slide 61 of 84 Optical Disks An optical disk is a personal computer storage device that stores data optically, rather than magnetically. HLC

62. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Types of Optical Disks and Drives Optical disks and drives come in several types, such as: 🢂 CD-ROM 🢂 CD-R 🢂 CD-RW 🢂 DVD-ROM 🢂 DVD-R 🢂 DVD+R 🢂 DVD+R DL 🢂 DVD-RW 🢂 DVD+RW 🢂 DVD-RAM Slide 62 of 84 HLC

63. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Tape Drives Slide 63 of 84 A tape drive is a personal computer storage device that stores data magnetically on a removable tape that is enclosed in a tape cartridge. HLC

64. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Compact Flash card fits in here 43 m m 36 m m USB adapter connects the Compact Flash reader to the computer Sol i d Slide 64 of 84 Solid state storage is a personal computer storage device that stores data in special types of memory instead of on disks or tape. HLC

65. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Personal Computer Connection Methods Slide 65 of 84 The various PC connection methods are: 🢂 Ports 🢂 Personal Computer Connections 🢂 Serial Connections 🢂 Parallel Connections 🢂 Universal Serial Bus (USB) Connections 🢂 IEEE 1394 and FireWire Connections 🢂 Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI) Connections 🢂 Parallel ATA (PATA) Connections 🢂 Serial ATA (SATA) Connections HLC

66. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Enable devices to be connected to a personal computer. 6-pin round connector 25-pin D-shaped connector 15-pin D-shaped connector Ports A port is a hardware connection interface on a personal computer that enables devices to be connected to the computer. Slide 66 of 84 HLC

67. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers USB Connector Cable Slide 67 of 84 Personal Computer Connection A personal computer connection is a means by which a personal computer component is attached to other components to provide computing capabilities. HLC

68. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers 25-pin serial port on a serial device 25-pin end of serial cable connects to modem and 9-pin end connects to computer’s serial port Serial Connections Slide 68 of 84 A serial connection is a personal computer connection that transfers data one bit at a time over a single wire. HLC

69. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Parallel connector Parallel cable Slide 69 of 84 Parallel Connections A parallel connection is a personal computer connection that transfers data eight bits at a time over eight wires and is typically used to connect a printer to a system unit. HLC

70. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers Type B connector connects to USB device Type A connector connects to USB port on the computer or on a hub Slide 70 of 84 USB Connections A USB connection is a personal computer connection that enables you to connect multiple peripherals to a single port with high performance and minimal device configuration. HLC

71. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers FireWire device FireWire port FireWire 6-pin connector Slide 71 of 84 IEEE 1394 and FireWire Connections A FireWire connection is a personal computer connection that provides a high-speed interface for peripheral devices that are designed to use the IEEE 1394 standard. HLC

72. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers SCSI connector SCSI cable Slide 72 of 84 Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI) Connections A SCSI connection is a personal computer connection that connects internal and external components to the system unit and provides for high-speed data transfer. HLC

73. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers P A T A co n nec t or Slide 73 of 84 Parallel ATA (PATA) Connections A PATA connection is a personal computer connection that provides a parallel data channel from a disk controller to the disk drives. HLC

74. T O P IC CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers S A T A da t a cable S A T A p o w er cables Serial ATA (SATA) Connections Slide 74 of 84 A SATA connection is a personal computer connection that provides a serial data channel between the drive controller and the disk drives. HLC

75. T O P IC Personal C o mp u ter Mobile Computer and Mobile Devices Mid-Range Server Mainframe Computer Supercomputer Slide 75 of 84 CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers 1.5 Categories of Computer HLC

76. T O P IC Personal Computer A single-user computer that can perform all input, processing, output and storage operations on its own. Two types of personal computer are desktop computer and workstation. CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers 1.5 Categories of Computer Slide 76 of 84 HLC

77. T O P IC Notebook Computer Portable, small enough to fit on your lap. Also called a laptop computer. Usually more expensive than a desktop computer with equal capabilities. CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers 1.5 Categories of Computer Slide 77 of 84 HLC

78. T O P IC Tablet PC A computer that is shaped like a slate or notebook. Normally fitted with a touch screen for users to enter input through a stylus. CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers 1.5 Categories of Computer Slide 78 of 84 HLC

79. T O P IC Handheld Computer A small computer that can easily be fit in one hand and operated by the other hand. CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers 1.5 Categories of Computer Slide 79 of 84 HLC

80. T O P IC Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) A small, portable computer built for specific purposes such as for keeping phone directories and calendars. CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers 1.5 Categories of Computer Slide 80 of 84 HLC

81. T O P IC Mid-Range Server More powerful and larger that a workstation and can support up to 4,000 users at one time. Formerly known as minicomputer. CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers 1.5 Categories of Computer Slide 81 of 84 HLC

82. T O P IC Mainframe Computer Very powerful, expensive computer that supports thousands of connected users CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers 1.5 Categories of Computer Slide 82 of 84 HLC

83. T O P IC Supercomputer The fastest, most powerful, most expensive computer. Used for applications requiring complex mathematical calculations. CHAPTER 1: Introduction To Computers 1.5 Categories of Computer Slide 83 of 84 HLC