cell_organelles-WK1.ppt.mmmjjjjiiuuuyyhh

Science biology

1. Cell Cell
OrganellesOrganelles
BIO1BIO1
WEEK 1WEEK 1

2. Cells have 3 main jobs
make energy
need energy for all activities
need to clean up waste produced
while making energy
make proteins
proteins do all the work in a cell,
so we need lots of them
make more cells
for growth
to replace damaged or diseased cells

3. Cell OrganellesCell Organelles
Organelle Organelle = “little organs”= “little organs”

Specialized structures that Specialized structures that
perform specific jobs perform specific jobs in the cellin the cell
Found only in Found only in eukaryotic cellseukaryotic cells
Many are Many are “membrane-bound”“membrane-bound”
(a membrane surrounds the organelle)(a membrane surrounds the organelle)
CytosolCytosol: : watery matrix that watery matrix that
organelles float inorganelles float in
Cytoplasm: Cytoplasm: Everything in a cell Everything in a cell
except the nucleusexcept the nucleus

4. Cell MembraneCell Membrane
Surrounds the cell Surrounds the cell andand
decides what comes in and decides what comes in and
outout
Semi-permeableSemi-permeable: allows : allows
nutrients in and waste nutrients in and waste
products outproducts out
Made of a Made of a phosphophospholipidlipid
bilayerbilayer
Also called Also called Plasma Plasma
MembraneMembrane

5. Factory Part:Factory Part:

Gates or DoorsGates or Doors
Found in: Found in:

Plant cellsPlant cells

Animal cellsAnimal cells

Prokaryotic cellsProkaryotic cells

6. NucleusNucleus
Control center of the cellControl center of the cell
Stores DNA Stores DNA
(chromosomes)(chromosomes)
Surrounded by the nuclear Surrounded by the nuclear
membranemembrane

Pores let material in and outPores let material in and out
Also contains the Also contains the
NucleolusNucleolus, which makes , which makes
ribosomesribosomes

7. Factory Part:Factory Part:

Manager’s OfficeManager’s Office
Found in: Found in:

Plant cellsPlant cells

Animal cellsAnimal cells

8. RibosomeRibosome
Smallest organelleSmallest organelle
NOT surrounded by a NOT surrounded by a
membranemembrane
Makes proteins Makes proteins according according
to DNA instructions.to DNA instructions.
Two Types:Two Types:

Free ribosomes:Free ribosomes: float free in float free in
cytosol cytosol

Bound ribosomes:Bound ribosomes: attached attached
to rough ER to rough ER
That looks familiar…what is a That looks familiar…what is a
polypeptidepolypeptide??

9. Factory Part:Factory Part:

MachinesMachines
Found in: Found in:

Plant cellsPlant cells

Animal cellsAnimal cells

Prokaryotic cellsProkaryotic cells

10. Endoplasmic Endoplasmic
ReticulumReticulum
Transport system for Transport system for
materials in cellmaterials in cell
Two Types:Two Types:
Rough ERRough ER: covered : covered
with with ribosomes; site of ribosomes; site of
protein synthesisprotein synthesis
Smooth ERSmooth ER: NO : NO
ribosomes; it makes ribosomes; it makes
hormones & lipids hormones & lipids

11. Factory Part:Factory Part:

Conveyor BeltsConveyor Belts
Found in: Found in:

Plant cellsPlant cells

Animal cellsAnimal cells

12. Golgi ApparatusGolgi Apparatus
Delivery system Delivery system of of
the cellthe cell
Collects, modifies, Collects, modifies,
and packages and packages
moleculesmolecules in the cell in the cell
Distributes and Distributes and
transports transports
molecules in molecules in
vesiclesvesicles

13. Factory Part:Factory Part:

Post office or Post office or
Mail RoomMail Room
Found in: Found in:

Plant cellsPlant cells

Animal cellsAnimal cells

14. LysosomesLysosomes
Trash Disposal Trash Disposal of of
the cellthe cell
Contain Contain digestive digestive
enzymes enzymes that that break break
down wastedown waste

15. Factory Part:Factory Part:

JanitorsJanitors
Found in: Found in:

Plant cellsPlant cells

Animal cellsAnimal cells

16. MitochondriaMitochondria
““PowerhousePowerhouse” of the ” of the
cellcell
Site of Site of cellular cellular
respirationrespiration
ConvertsConverts energy stored energy stored
in food into energy the in food into energy the
cell needs – ATPcell needs – ATP
Sugar + Oxygen Carbon dioxide + Water + Sugar + Oxygen Carbon dioxide + Water +
ATPATP
ATP = Adenosine triphosphateATP = Adenosine triphosphate

17. Factory Part:Factory Part:

Power Plant / Power Plant /
Electrical RoomElectrical Room
Found in: Found in:

Plant cellsPlant cells

Animal cellsAnimal cells

18. ChloroplastChloroplast
Found only in Found only in plant plant
cells and algaecells and algae
Contains green Contains green
pigment, pigment, chlorophyllchlorophyll
Changes Changes sunlight sunlight
(solar energy) into (solar energy) into
food like glucose food like glucose
(chemical energy)(chemical energy)
Sunlight + Carbon Dioxide + Water Sunlight + Carbon Dioxide + Water Sugar + Oxygen Sugar + Oxygen

19. Factory Part:Factory Part:

Solar Powered Solar Powered
Energy PanelsEnergy Panels
Found in: Found in:

Plant cellsPlant cells

20. Cell WallCell Wall
Rigid, protective Rigid, protective
barrier barrier (maintains (maintains
cell shape)cell shape)
Found inFound in plant and plant and
bacterial cellsbacterial cells
Located Located outsideoutside of of
the cell membranethe cell membrane
Made of Made of cellulosecellulose
(Carbohydrate fiber)(Carbohydrate fiber)

21. Factory Part:Factory Part:

Factory GatesFactory Gates
Found in: Found in:

Plant cellsPlant cells

Some Prokaryote Some Prokaryote
cellscells

22. VacuolesVacuoles
Large Large centralcentral vacuole vacuole
usually in plant cellsusually in plant cells
Many smaller Many smaller
vacuoles in animal vacuoles in animal
cellscells
Storage container forStorage container for
water, food, water, food,
enzymes, wastes, etcenzymes, wastes, etc
Supports cell Supports cell
shape in plantsshape in plants

23. Factory Part:Factory Part:

Storage roomStorage room
Found in: Found in:

Plant cellsPlant cells

Animal cells Animal cells
(smaller)(smaller)

24. Quick ReviewQuick Review
Which organelle is the control center of the cell? Which organelle is the control center of the cell?
NucleusNucleus
Which organelle holds the cell together?Which organelle holds the cell together?
Cell membraneCell membrane
Which organelles are not found in animal cells?Which organelles are not found in animal cells?
Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplastsCell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts
Which organelle helps plant cells make food?Which organelle helps plant cells make food?
ChloroplastsChloroplasts
What does E.R. stand for?What does E.R. stand for?
Endoplasmic reticulumEndoplasmic reticulum

25. Cell City AnalogyCell City Analogy
Cell OrganellesCell Organelles City AnalogiesCity Analogies
Cell Membrane City border
Cell Wall City Wall
Cytoplasm Lawns
Endoplasmic Reticulum Highway or road system
Ribosomes Lumber or brick yard
Golgi Bodies Post Office or UPS
Chloroplasts Solar Energy Plants
Nuclear Membrane City Hall Fence with security guard
Mitochondria Energy Plants
Nucleus City Hall
DNA Original Blueprints or the
city
RNA Copies of Blueprints
Nucleolus Copy Machine
Lysosomes Waste Disposal/ Recyclers
Vacuole Warehouses, water towers or garbage
dumps
Protoplasm Air or atmosphere
Chromosomes Rolled up blueprints
Proteins Lumber or bricks