CELL STRUCTURE GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 FIRST SEMESTER.pptx

cells

1. General Biology 1

2. General Biology 1: Subject Description This subject is designed to enhance the understanding of the principles and concepts in the study of biology, particularly life processes at the cellular and molecular levels. It also covers the transformation of energy in organisms.

3. CONTENT CELL Cell Theory Cell Structure and Functions Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells Cell Types Cell Modifications f. Cell Cycle: Mitosis/Meiosis Transport Mechanism 1. Simple Diffusion 2. Facilitated Diffusion 3. Active Transport 4. Bulk/Vesicular Transport

4. CONTENT ii. Biological molecules Structure and Functions of Biological Molecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Enzymes Nucleic Acid

5. CONTENT ii. ENERGY TRANSFORMATION ATP-ADP Cycle Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration

6. PERFORMANCE TASK 1 ST QUARTER The learners shall be able to: 1. Construct a 3d MODEL of a plant/animal/bacterial cell/ cell membrane using a recyclable materials.

7. PERFORMANCE TASK: RUBRIC

8. LESSON 1: THE CELL (Theory, Structure and Functions) General Biology 1

9. OOTD: Objectives of the day! At the end of the lesson, I should be able to: Recite the postulates of cell theory and explain the roles of a cell in an organism, particularly in the levels of organization of an organism; Describe the structure and functions of major and subcellular organelles; Determine the role of each cellular organelle and explain how it relates to the functions of other organelles.

10. NASAL SINUS CELL

11. ONION CELL

12. HUMAN CHEEK CELL

13. VIBRIO TASMANIENSIS BACTERIAL CELL

14. History of cell In 1665, British scientist Robert Hooke examined a piece of cork and found little structures in it which he compared to cellulae . He named these structures “cells”. Later it was discovered that the cell he had found in the cork were actually outer walls of former plant cell.

15. HISTORY OF CELL In the late 1600’s, Dutch scientist Anton van Leeuwenhoek examined different subjects , using a refined microscope than that of Hooke. Leuwenhoek found moving protist and sperm, which he collectively termed “animalcules”

16. Cell Theory: Definition The Cell Theory, developed in the mid-1800’s as a result of various discoveries about cells, it is one of the basic principles of biology. The cell is the basic unit of life; All living organisms are composed of cell; and New cells are created from pre-existing cell

17. First Postulate: Cell is the basic unit of life In order that an organism may be considered living, it must have a cell. One proof that an organism is alive just by looking at its cell is the movement of the organelles inside it.

18. First Postulate: Cell is the basic unit of life In the cork that Hooke examined, the protoplasm of the cell had already dissipated, indicating the cell’s death. When Leeuwenhooek observed his teeth scrapings, he found animalcules shooting and spinning inside the cell.

19. Second Postulate: ALL LIVING ORGANISMS ARE COMPOSED OF CELL In 1838, German botanist Mattthias Jacob Schleiden established that the small compartments in his plant specimens are cells. In 1839, a German zoologist named Theodore Schwann after doing microscopic studies of animal cells, instituted that all animals are also composed of cells.

20. Third Postulate: new cells are created from pre-existing cells German scientist Rudolf Virchow introduced the third tenet of the cell theory: Omnis cellula e cellula which means “Cells come from pre-existing cell”.

21. Development of Cell Theory 1590 – Zacharias Janssen invented a primitive microscope with the help of his father Hans. 1663-1665 – Robert Hooke viewed a thin slice of cork

22. Development of Cell Theory 1665-1676 Marcello Malpighi and Nehemiah Grew conducted separated investigations on plant cell. They determined the presence of organelles within its cells .

23. Development of Cell Theory 1670-1683 Anton van Leeuwenhoek upgraded Janssen’s microscope and produced his lens. With this invention, he discovered mobile organelles in many subjects, which he called animalcules.

24. Development of Cell Theory 1831- Robert Brown made a series of discoveries about cell organelles and ultimately discovered the nucleus. This became a major breakthrough in the history of biology.

25. Development of Cell Theory 1838 Matthias Schleiden microscopically examine plants and recognized that plant parts come from cells. In his writings in Contribution in Phytogenesis , he proposed that the different structures of a plant are all composed of cells.

26. Development of Cell Theory 1839 Theodore Schwann declared that animals are likewise composed of cells. This put an end to the debates – whether or not plants and animals are different in structural origin and composition.

27. Development of Cell Theory 1840 Albrecht von Roelliker stated that sperm and egg are composed of cells and that all humans are configured from cells. 1849 Louis Pasteur was developing fermentation, a process to kill bacteria, he proved that bacteria are able to multiply and that bacterial cells come from other bacterial cells.

28. Development of Cell Theory 1858 Rudolf Virchow declared, “Omnis cellula e cellula ” which he meant that cells come from pre-existing cells. With this conclusion, the cell theory was completed.

29. Question! If life were to be found in other planets, would you expect it to form cells? Why or why not?

30. ASTROBIOLOGY Our space exploration has been continually searching for life in outer space. On the space probes sent to other planets (especially Mars), these are equipped to look after life. However, very high resolution are still not possible on-site.