Cellular-Respiration-PowerPoint Presentation

Cellular respiration is the process of oxidizing biological fuels using an inorganic electron acceptor, such as oxygen, to drive production of adenosine triphosphate, which stores chemical energy in a biologically accessible form.

1. Duration: 90 min Bio 108: General Physiology BS Biology (Animal Biology) Cellular Respiration Week 5 Husna Dimapalao, Rhea Mae Yungao , Maria Albera Sabaduquia First Sem 2025-2026

2. Lesson overview Learning objectives Cellular respiration is the process where cells break down glucose and oxygen to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of the cell. This essential biochemical process includes stages like glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the  electron transport chain , which ultimately provide the energy needed for all cellular functions.  Describe the stages of anaerobic and aerobic respiration, including glycolysis, fermentation, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain, and explain their roles in ATP production. Compare and contrast anaerobic and aerobic pathways in terms of energy yield, end products, and cellular conditions.

3. Mitochondria a membrane bound cellular structure and is found in most of the eukaryotic cells. ranges from 0.5 to 1.0 micrometer in diameter. power plants of the cells. plays an important role in the production of ATP via the process of oxidative phosphorylation. Cellular Respiration

4. rod shaped structure found in both animal and plant cells. a double membrane bound organelle. It has the outer membrane and the inner membrane. The membranes are made up of phospholipids and proteins. Structure of Mitochondria

5. Components of Mitochondria Outer membrane It is smooth and is composed of equal amounts of phospholipids and proteins. It has a large number of special proteins known as the porins The outer membrane is freely permeable to nutrient molecules,ions, energy molecules like the ATP and ADP molecules.

6. Inner membrane more complex in structure. It is folded into a number of folds many times and is known as the cristae. is strictly permeable, it is permeable only to oxygen, ATP and it also helps in regulating transfer of metabolites across the membrane. Components of Mitochondria

7. Intermembrane space space between the outer and inner membrane of the mitochondria, it has the same composition as that of the cell's cytoplasm. Components of Mitochondria

8. Matrix is a complex mixture of proteins and enzymes. These enzymes are important for the synthesis of ATP molecules, mitochondrial ribosomes, tRNAs and mitochondrial DNA. Components of Mitochondria

9. the process by which the organisms obtain the energy available in the carbohydrates ATP –used as cellular energy currency

10. Two types of Cellular Respiration: Aerobic Respiration: a type of respiration which is carried on in the presence of oxygen by which the oxygen is obtained from air or from water in which is dissolved. Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy

11. Two types of Cellular Respiration: Anaerobic Respiration – a type of respiration in which a number of one- celled organisms, including yeast and many forms of bacteria, can carry on in the absence of oxygen Glucose  Lactic acid + Energy

12. Aerobic Respiration Cellular Respiration

13. Glycolysis (Glucose Splitting Reaction) It is the process in which one molecule of glucose is broken down to form two molecules of pyruvic acid Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell 4 ATP and 2 NADH are produced but this pathway produces a net gain of 2 ATP per molecule of glucose

14. Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid cycle) named after Hans Kreb. occurs in the mitochondrion of a cell. For each turn of the cycle, 3 molecules of carbon dioxide are produced from one pyruvic molecules and 5 pairs of hydrogen atoms are removed by coenzymes NAD and FAD forms (per two molecules of pyruvic acid) carbon dioxide, two ATP molecules, 6 NADH molecules, and 2 FADH2 molecules.

15. Electron Transport Chain (ETC) This occurs in the cristae of the mitochondria where a series of cytochromes and coenzymes exist. The electrons in NADH and FADH2 flow through a series of electrons transport acceptors. The electron pass through a series of oxidation- reduction reaction, giving up energy to form ATP. At the end, the electrons, hydrogen ions, and free oxygen combine to form water molecules.

16. Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

17. Chemiosmosis - involves the pumping of protons through special channels in the membrane of mitochondria from the inner to the outer compartments. • is the movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient Peter Mitchell

18. ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION Fermentation It is a process in which energy can be released from glucose even though oxygen is not available. During this stage, the pyruvic acid produced by glycolysis accepts 2H from NADH, and changes to some other end product. In yeast cells, the end products are ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide. In certain bacteria and in muscles, the pyruvic acid changes to lactic acid. Cellular Respiration

19. Overall Process

20. Overall equation during cellular respiration Glucose + Oxygen  CO2 + H2O + ATP Each ATP molecule is capable of releasing 7.3 kilocalories of energy per mole.

21. Sources http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/c hapter25/animation electron_transport_system_and_atp_synthesis_ _quiz_2_.html http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/c hapter25/animation how_glycolysis_works.html http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/c hapter25/animation how_the_krebs_cycle_works quiz_2_.html https://en.wikipedia.org/ e- BIOLOGY: The next Generation by Gil Nonato C. Santos and et.al