Cement as Building material

Building materials by
Sourav Zaman,
Lecturer
Department of Architecture
Northern University of Business and Technology

1. COURSE NO: ARCH 1201 COURSE TITLE: BUILDING MATERIALS Lecture 6 CEMENT

2. CEMENT

3. ORDINARY CEMENT CONTAINS Lime (Cao) Silica (Sco2) Alumina (Al2O3) Magnesia ( MgO ) Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) Calcium Sulphate (CaSo4) Sulphur Trioxide & Alkalies “A cementing or binding material used in engineering construction..” A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz

4. For under water structures or in wet places When great strength and durability is required Where mortar or plaster has to set quick and attain its strength Where protective exposed surface is required against weather, organic or non-organic agents For water tightness of structures For decorative, ornamental and pointing works Why cement is superior to lime ? A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz

5. CLASSIFICATION OF CEMENTS A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz Is obtained by burning and crushing the stones containing clay, carbonates of lime, carbonate of magnesia. C ontent clay about 20 to 40 percent . very closely eminent hydraulic lime. Not so strong as artificial cement Is obtained by burning at very high temperature a mixture of calcareous and argillaceous materials in correct proportion. Calcined product is known as clinker. A small quantity of gypsum is added to clinker and is known as cement. Artificial cement known as Portland Cement Natural cement known as Roman cement

6. Manufacturing of cement Wet process Dry process A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz Wet process is divided into three stages Prepetition of cement slurry To obtain cement clinkers To prepare cement

7. A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz Calcareous Material Argillaceous material WET PROCESS Mixing 3 1 Crushed in a crushing machine Put into a wash mill + Water 45% 80-85% materials should pass through no. 200 sieve Slurry is made Slurry is pumped into correction silos Step 01

8. A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz WET PROCESS Rotary kiln Inclined steel cylinder…8-12 feet diameter, 200-400 ft length Coal , oil or gas Slurry Step 02

9. A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz WET PROCESS Grinding machine 2.5-3% Gypsum Clinkers Step 03 Water proof bag Market Powder

10. A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz Calcareous Material Argillaceous material DRY PROCESS Mixing 3 1 Rotary kiln

11. A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz ROTARY KILN CLINKER COOLER CLINKER STORAGE CLINKER GYPSUM CEMENT + = GRINDING

12. A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz Hydration of cement Cement constituent compounds Hydrous (dry) state Different compounds have different hydration rate Why? PROPERTIES OF CEMENT

13. A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz PROPERTIES OF CEMENT Setting of cement Stiffening of cement paste Fluid state Rigid state False Setting of cement Abnormal premature stiffening of cement within a few minutes of mixing water

14. A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz PROPERTIES OF CEMENT Strength of cement Tensile Compressive Flexural Soundness of cement Fineness of cement

15. TYPES OF PORTLAND CEMENT Ordinary Portland Modified Portland Air entraining Portland Expanding Portland Rapid hardening Portland Quick setting Portland Low heat Portland Sulphate resisting Portland Blast Furnace Portland Pozzolana Portland White Portland cement Some special Portland cements- Colored Portland Aluminous Portland Antibacterial Portland A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz

16. A Text Book of Engineering Materials- by Dr. M. A. Aziz Cement mortar for masonry work, plaster, pointing etc Concreter for laying floors, roofs and constructing lintels, beams , weather sheds, stairs, pillars etc . Construction of important engineering structure such as bridges , culverts, dams, tunnels storage reservoirs, light houses , deckles etc. Construction of water tanks, wells, tennis courts, septic tanks, lampposts , roads, telephone cabins etc. Making joints for drains, pipes etc. Manufacture of pre cast pipes, piles, garden seats, artificially designed urns, flowerpots , dustbins , fencing posts etc . Preparation of foundations, watertight floors, footpaths etc. USES OF CEMENT

17. RECOMENDED REFERENCES Aziz. M. A: Engineering Materials. Smith, R. C: Material of construction. Andres, C. K: Manufactures manuals and brochures,