Centrifugal governor

A brief presentation on Centrifugal governor

1. Department of Mechanical Engineering
Don BoscoCollege of Engineering and Technology, ADBU
1Friday, January 18, 2019
DipjyotiDeka- DC2015BTE0167
PresentedBy
Centrifugal Governors and their different applications
Centrifugal Governors and their different applications
A Presentation
on

2. Contents
Friday, January 18, 2019 2Centrifugal Governors and their different applications
1)Introduction
2)Types of Governors
3)Classification of Centrifugal governor
4)What is a Centrifugal Governor ?
5)How Does Centrifugal governor Work ?
6)Causes of load on a centrifugal governor
7)Applications of centrifugal governor
8)Watt governor
9)Porter Governor
10)ProellGovernor
11)HartnellGovernor
12)HurtungGovernor
13)Wilson-HartnellGovernor
14)Pickering Governor
15)Conclusion
16)References

3. Thefunctionofgovernoristoregulatethespeedofanenginewhentherearevariationintheload.
ForEg.Whentheloadonanengineincreases,itsspeeddecreases,thereforeitisnecessarytoincrease
thesupplyofworkingfluid&vice-versa.Thus,Governorautomaticallycontrolsthespeedundervarying
load.
Introduction
Friday, January 18, 2019 3Centrifugal Governors and their different applications
AGovernorisamechanicaldeviceusedtogovernthespeedofmachineslikeengines.Fromsmall
enginestotractorstostandbypowersystemseveninautomobilesareenabledwithgovernorstoregulate
theirspeed.
Itallowstheenginetorunattherequiredspeed,withoutanyeffectofchangingtheload.Withthe
continuouschangeofload,theconfigurationofgovernorvariesthathelpstocontrolthesupplyoffuel
requiredbytheengine.

4. Thegovernorsmaybroadlybeclassifiedas-
1)Centrifugalgovernors
2)Inertiagovernors
Friday, January 18, 2019 Centrifugal Governors and their different applications 4
TypesofGovernors

5. Acentrifugalgovernorisaspecifictypeof
governorthatcontrolsthespeedofan
enginebyregulatingtheamountoffuel
admitted,soastomaintainanear
constantspeedwhatevertheloadorfuel
supplyconditions.Itusestheprincipleof
proportionalcontrol.
Friday, January 18, 2019 Centrifugal Governors and their different applications 5
What is a Centrifugal Governor ?
Fig. No-1

6. Theshaftspinscausingtheweightedballsto
spin.
Astheballsspinfaster,theyareforced
outwards.
Astheballsmoveoutward,theygetmoreand
morehorizontal,whichcausestheloadedarms
tocompress.
Thiscompressioncausesthesetarmtorotate
aboutit’spivotcounter-clockwise.
Fromthismotion,afinalarm,whichis
attachedtoagasvalveislifted.
Therebyclosingthegasvalveaccordingly.
Friday, January 18, 2019 Centrifugal Governors and their different applications 6
HowDoesCentrifugalgovernorWork?
Animation. No-1

7. Friday, January 18, 2019 Centrifugal Governors and their different applications 7
Causes of load on a centrifugal governor
Mean speed
is restored
Increasethefuelsupply
byopeningthethrottle
valvebygovernoraction
Speed
decreases
Load
increase
Mean speed
is restored
Decreasethefuelsupply
byclosingthethrottle
valvebygovernoraction
Speed
increases
Load
decrease

8. Whenanenginebeginsmovingtoofast,ittendstokeeptheengineataconstantspeed.
Automobilestorestrict/maintainengineRPM,totalspeed
1.-Governorsprotectenginefromexcessiverotationalspeed
2.-usedinsomehighperformancecarstolimitvehiclespeed
Usedinaspring-loadedrecordplayer,andtelephonedialstolimitthespeed
Governorsareusedinpowerplantstocontrolthe
flowofworkingfluids.
Friday, January 18, 2019 Centrifugal Governors and their different applications 8
Applications of centrifugal governor

9. Friday, January 18, 2019 Centrifugal Governors and their different applications 9
Classification of Centrifugal governor

10. Friday, January 18, 2019 Centrifugal Governors and their different applications 10
WattGovernors:
Pendulum Type Watt governor
Fig. No-2
Ballsarearrangedonthetwoarmsandtheupperarmis
connectedtothespindleandlowerarmisconnectedto
thesleeve.Wattgovernorisusedinthesteamengine
whichwasinventedbyJameswatt.
Withthehelpoftheoutputshaftthespindleis
driven.
Application
Acar’sspeedgovernor,orspeedlimiter,isadevicethatsetsandlimitsacar’stopspeed.Whenacarthatis
fittedwithaspeedgovernorreachesapresettopspeed,thedevicebeginstocurtailcombustionandlimitsthe
supplyoffuelandairtotheengine.

11. Friday, January 18, 2019 Centrifugal Governors and their different applications 11
Theloadmovesupanddownonthecentralspindle.This
additionaldownwardforceincreasesthespeedof
revolutionwhichisrequiredtoenabletheballstomoveto
anypredeterminedlevel.
ThePortergovernorisamodificationofaWatt's
governor,withcentralloadattachedtothesleeveas
showninFig.
Loaded type Dead Weight governor Porter Governor
Fig. No-3

12. Friday, January 18, 2019 Centrifugal Governors and their different applications 12
TheProellgovernorhastheballsfixedatBandCtothe
extensionofthelinksDFandEGasshowninFig.The
armsFPandGQarepivotedatPandQrespectively.
Bythischange,itrequiresflyballof
lessmassforsameaction.
Thecentralloadmovesupanddownonthecentral
spindle.Thisadditionaldownwardforceincreasesthe
speedofrevolutionwhichisrequiredtoenabletheballs
tomovetoanypredeterminedlevel.
Loaded type Dead Weight governor ProellGovernor
Fig. No-4

13. Friday, January 18, 2019 Centrifugal Governors and their different applications 13
Ahelicalcompressivespringprovidesequaldownward
forcesonthetworollersthroughacollaronthesleeve.
Itservesthepurposelikedeadweightload.Thespring
forcemaybeadjustedbyscrewinganutupordownon
thesleeve.
Itconsistsoftwobellcrankleverspivotedatthepoints
0,0totheframe.Theframeisattachedtothegovernor
spindleandthereforerotateswithit.Eachlevercarriesa
ballattheendoftheverticalarmOBandarolleratthe
endofthehorizontalarmOR.
A Hartnellgovernor is a spring loaded governor as shown
in Fig.
Loaded type Spring Control governor HartnellGovernor
Fig. No-5

14. Friday, January 18, 2019 Centrifugal Governors and their different applications 14
Hereverticalarmsofbellcrankleverisattachedwithspring
ballwhichcompressagainsttheframeofgovernor.
Thisadditionalforceagainstthecentrifugalforceincreasesthe
speedofrevolutionwhichisrequiredtoenabletheballsto
movetoanypredeterminedlevel.
Loaded type Spring Control governor HartungGovernor
Fig. No-6
Application-thespringsinthespringcontrolgovernorsareused
tocounteractthecentrifugalforcemaybeplacedupontheaxis
ofrotationwhichmaybeinclinedasintended.

15. Friday, January 18, 2019 Centrifugal Governors and their different applications 15
InWilsonHatnellgovernorballsareconnectedbyaspring
intension.
Anauxiliaryspringisattachedtothesleevemechanism
throughaleverbymeansofwhichtheequilibriumspeed
foragivenradiusmaybeadjusted.
Themainspringmaybeconsideredoftwoequalpartseach
belongingtoboththeballs.
Loaded type Spring Control governor Wilson-HartnellGovernor
Fig. No-7

16. Friday, January 18, 2019 Centrifugal Governors and their different applications 16
Eachspringcarriesaweightatthecenter.Theweights
moveoutwardsandthespringsbendastheyrotateabout
thespindleaxiswithincreasingspeed.
APickeringgovernorismostlyusedfordriving
gramophone.Itconsistsofthreestraightleafsprings
arrangedatequalangularintervalsroundthespindle.
Loaded type Spring Control governor PickeringGovernor
Fig. No-8 Fig. No-9

17. Friday, January 18, 2019 Centrifugal Governors and their different applications 17
Conclusion
Throughthispresentation,wehavelearntaboutthecentrifugalgovernor,it’svarioustypes,it’s
workingandapplications,whichareusedinvariousindustrial,automobileandothercommercial
unitsinvariousareas.

18. Friday, January 18, 2019 Centrifugal Governors and their different applications 18
References
Internet websites
Wikipedia
NPTEL
Calvin.edu
Mechanicalksk.com
E-Book
Mechanical Governerby KandarpJoshi
Centrifugal Governor by J.M Ryan
Book
Theory of machines by R.S Khurmi
Theory of machines by V.P singh
Theory of machines by SS Ratan

19. Friday, January 18, 2019 Centrifugal Governors and their different applications 19