cereal based cropping system in india.pptx

cereal cropping system

1. Cereal based Cropping system AGR 506 – Agronomy of Major Cereals, Millets and Pulses (2+1) Submitted by, Ajmal Siddique S M.Sc., (Ag.) agronomy AGR 506 – Agronomy of Major Cereals, Millets and Pulses (2+1) 1

2. AGR 506 – Agronomy of Major Cereals, Millets and Pulses (2+1) 2 Cropping system is defined as cropping pattern used on a farm and their interaction with farm resources, other farm enterprises, available technology and environment (physical, biological and socio economic) which determine their makeup. Yearly sequences and spatial arrangement of crops in a given area is known as cropping pattern Major cereal crops are rice, wheat, maize, barley, oats, tyre , triticale and sorghum. Introduction

3. AGR 506 – Agronomy of Major Cereals, Millets and Pulses (2+1) 3 Rice-based cropping system under (AICRIP) Irrigated conditions: Rice-Rice-Rice Rice-Rice-Cereal Rice-Rice-Pulses Rice-Wheat-Pulse Rice-Wheat Rice-Mustard Cropping system in Rice

4. AGR 506 – Agronomy of Major Cereals, Millets and Pulses (2+1) 4 Upland conditions: Rice-Chickpea Rice-Lentil Rice-Mustard/Linseed Rice-Barley Rice-Wheat Rice-Pea Rice under integrated farming system: Rice-Fish-Poultry Rice-Fish-Duck Cropping system in Rice

5. AGR 506 – Agronomy of Major Cereals, Millets and Pulses (2+1) 5 Rice Cropping System in Tamil Nadu: Command areas: Rice (Aug.-Jan) – pulses/sesame/maize (Jan.-April) Rice (June-Sep.) - rice (Oct.-Jan.) - pulses / gingelly/green manure (Feb.-May) Rice (June-Sep.) - rice (Dec.-March) Rice (June-Sep.) - green manure (Oct.-Nov.) - rice (Dec.-March) Rice (Aug.-Jan.) - cotton (Feb.-June) Rice (Oct.-Jan.) - pearl millet/vegetables/sesame/ pulses/groundnut (Feb.-May) Rice (April-Aug.) - rice (Sep.-March) – fallow Rainfed areas Upland rice - millets / pulses / groundnut / cotton / chillies (Sep.-Feb.) Dry rice (June-Aug.) - pulses / vegetables / gingelly (Sept.-Jan.) Rice (July-Nov.) Cropping system in Rice

6. AGR 506 – Agronomy of Major Cereals, Millets and Pulses (2+1) 6 Rice Cropping System in Tamil Nadu: Well irrigated areas: (Filter point well) Rice (Aug.-Jan.) - rice (Jan.-April.) - groundnut (April-June) Rice (Aug.-Nov.)-rice (Dec.-March) - rice(Mar-July) Rice/vegetables/marigold (June-Oct.) - maize (Oct.-Jan.) - pulses (Feb.-May) Rice (April-Aug.) - groundnut (Sep.-Dec.) - vegetables / gingelly (Jan.-March) Rice (Aug.-Jan.) - groundnut (Feb.-April) - sesame/ pulses/maize (April - June) Rice (Aug.-Jan.) - cotton (Feb.-June)/gingelly (Feb.- May) Rice (June-Oct.) - ragi / groundnut / gingelly (Nov.- Feb.) Rice (April-Aug.) - rice (Sep.-Jan.) - fodder sorghum (Jan.-March) Rice (Oct.-Feb.) - pulses (Feb.-May) Cropping system in Rice

7. AGR 506 – Agronomy of Major Cereals, Millets and Pulses (2+1) 7 Rice Cropping System in Tamil Nadu: Tank fed areas Rice (Aug.-Jan.) - rice (Jan.-April) Rice (Aug.-Jan) - maize (Jan.-April) Rice/Vegetables/watermelon (Aug.-Jan.)- groundnut/ gingelly /pulses(Feb.-May) Rice (June-Sep.)-ragi (Sep-Dec.)-pulses (Jan.-Apr) Rice (July-Nov.) - groundnut / ragi (Dec.-March) – fallow Rice (Sep.-Jan.) - cotton (Feb.-Aug.) Rice (Sep.-Jan.) - green manure (Feb.-April) Rice (Sep.-Dec.) - senna(Jan.-March) Rice (June-Sep.) - chillies (Oct.-Feb.) Cropping system in Rice

8. AGR 506 – Agronomy of Major Cereals, Millets and Pulses (2+1) 8 Cropping system in Wheat Normally wheat is cultivated after Kharif crops under double crop sequence Kharif crops may be Rice, maize, sorghum, millet, mung bean, urd bean, cowpea, pigeon pea, cotton etc., A third crop of any catch crop is raised in certain pockets

9. AGR 506 – Agronomy of Major Cereals, Millets and Pulses (2+1) 9 Cropping system in Oats 1.Sorghum-oat-maize - (one year) 2.Maize-oat-maize - (one year) 3.Sudan grass-oat-maize + cowpea - (one year) 4.Lobia-oat + mustard-maize + cowpea - (One year) 5. Sorghum + cowpea-oat + lucerne - (One year )

10. AGR 506 – Agronomy of Major Cereals, Millets and Pulses (2+1) 10 Cropping system in Barley Barley has found suitable for multiple and mixed cropping systems in a variety of conditions. As it is a short- duration crop, it can fit in cropping sequences involving a kharif crop in the preceding season and a short- duration crop in succeeding spring and/or summer season. Depending on the assured rainfall or irrigation facility it can be grown in the following sequential cropping systems. Cereal – Cereal system : Rice- Barley, Maize- Barley, Pearlmillet – Barley, Sorghum-Barley Legume - Cereal system: Pigeonpea - Barley, Mungbean -barley, Black barley, Cowpea- barley Miscellaneous system: Groundnut-barley, Cotton-barley, barley, Sugarcane-barley, Potato-barley

11. AGR 506 – Agronomy of Major Cereals, Millets and Pulses (2+1) 11 Cropping system in Barley State Cropping system Bihar Sugarcane-Barley, Sesame-Barley, Pigeon pea-Barley Jharkhand Sugarcane-Barley, Sesame-Barley, Pigeon pea-Barley Haryana Sugarcane-Barley Himachal pradesh Maize-Barley, Rice-Barley Jammu & Kashmir Rice-Barley Punjab Rice-Barley, Maize-Barley, Cotton-Barley Rajasthan Cluster bean-Barley Uttar Pradesh Maize-Barley, Rice-Barley, Sorghum-Barley, Pigeon pea-Barley, Sugarcane-Barley, Bajra-Barley

12. AGR 506 – Agronomy of Major Cereals, Millets and Pulses (2+1) 12 Cropping system in Maize Agro-climatic region Cropping system Irrigated Rainfed Western Himalayan Region Maize-wheat Maize-potato-wheat Maize-wheat-green gram Maize-mustard Maize-sugarcane Maize-mustard Maize-legumes Eastern Himalayan Region Summer rice-maize-mustard Maize-maize Maize-maize-legumes Sesame-Rice+maize Lower Gangetic Plain region Autumn rice-maize Jute-rice-maize Rice-maize Middle Gangetic Plain region Maize-early potato-wheat-mung bean Maize-wheat Maize-wheat-mung bean Maize-wheat-urd bean Maize-sugarcane-mung bean Maize-wheat

13. AGR 506 – Agronomy of Major Cereals, Millets and Pulses (2+1) 13 Cropping system in Maize Agro-climatic region Cropping system Irrigated Rainfed Upper Gangetic Plain region Maize-wheat Maize-wheat-mung bean Maize-potato-wheat Maize-potato-sunflower Maize-potato-onion Maize-potato-sugarcane-ratoon Rice-potato-maize Maize-wheat Maize-barley Maize-safflower     Trans Gangetic Plain region Maize-wheat Maize-wheat-mung bean Maize-potato-wheat Maize-potato-sunflower Maize-potato-onion Mung bean-maize- toria -wheat Maize-potato-mung bean Maize-wheat   Eastern plateau & hills region Maize-groundnut-vegetables Maize-wheat-vegetables Rice-potato-maize Jute-maize-cowpea

14. AGR 506 – Agronomy of Major Cereals, Millets and Pulses (2+1) 14 Cropping system in Maize Agro-climatic region Cropping system Irrigated Rainfed Central plateau & hills region Maize-wheat Maize-groundnut Western plateau & hills region Sugarcane + Maize   Southern plateau & hills region Rice-maize Maize-rice   Sorghum-maize Maize-sorghum-Pulses Maize-potato-groundnut East coast plain and hills region Rice-maize-pearlmillet Maize-rice Rice-maize Rice-rice-maize Maize-maize-pearlmillet Rice-maize + cowpea   West coast plain and hills region Maize-pulses Rice-maize Rice-maize Groundnut-maize Gujrat plains and hills region Maize-wheat Rice-maize Western dry region Maize-mustard Maize-chickpea Maize+legumes Island region Rice-maize Maize-rice Rice-maize + cowpea Rice-maize-urdbean Rice-rice-maize

15. AGR 506 – Agronomy of Major Cereals, Millets and Pulses (2+1) 15 Cropping system in sorghum The most profitable sorghum based cropping system adopted is  sorghum with cowpea, redgram , lab-lab, blackgram . In rainfed Vertisol , adopt paired row planting in sorghum and sow one row of blackgram / cowpea in between paired rows of sorghum to have 100% population of sorghum plus 33% population of blackgram /cowpea. Intercropping of sunflower Co 1, with the main crop of sorghum CO 26 in 4:2 ratio is recommended under rainfed conditions during North-East monsoon for black soils of Coimbatore. Intercropping of soybean with sorghum in the ratio 4:2 is recommended for kharif   seasons. For sorghum - blackgram intercropping system as well as sole cropping is recommended for Aruppukottai region. For sorghum (CO 25) + Fodder cowpea (CO 1) intercropping system, is recommended for Coimbatore region.

16. AGR 506 – Agronomy of Major Cereals, Millets and Pulses (2+1) 16 Benefits of Cropping system

17. AGR 506 – Agronomy of Major Cereals, Millets and Pulses (2+1) 17 References

18. AGR 506 – Agronomy of Major Cereals, Millets and Pulses (2+1) 18