cervical vertebrae dr bushra.pptx ucmd anatomy

Dr Bushra slides anatomy

1. Cervical vertebrae

2. I n t r oduction  Identified by the presence of foramina transversaria  Seven cervical vertebrae  3 rd – 6 th are typical  1 st , 2 nd , 7 th – atypical

3. Typical cervical vertebrae  Body  Vertebral foramen  Vertebral arch Foramen transversarium Pedicle Ant tubercle Post tubercle Vertebral canal Spine lamina Superior articular f a c e t Costotransverse bar Vertebral arch

4. Body  Small & broader  Con c a v e superio r surf a ce w i th upward projecting lip  Anterior surface is beveled

5.  Inferior surface is saddle shaped  Anterior border projects downward & hide intervertebral disc  articular column  Inter vertebral foramina (superior /inferior vertebral notches in pedicle)

6. Vertebral foramen  Larger than body  Triangular in shape V e rt e br a l foramen Bifid spine Transv e rse foramen

7. Vertebral arch  Pedicles are directed backwards and laterally  Superior and inferior notches are of equal sizes  Laminae are relatively long and narrow, thinner above than below  superior & inferior articular processes – form articular pillars , project laterally at the junction of pedicle and the lamina

8. Transverse process :  Pierced by Foramen T ransversaria  Each TP has two roots- ends as tubercle – ant & post tubercle  Joined by costotransverse bar  Ant tubercle of 6 th CV is large – carotid tubercle

9.  Spine – short & bifid  Notch is filled by ligamentum nuchae  Gives origin to deep muscles of the back of the neck

10. Attachments and relations  Anterior & posterior longitudinal ligaments are attached to the upper and lower borders of the body

11.  Upper borders and lower parts of the anterior surfaces of the lamina provide attachment to the ligament flava

12. Foramen transversarium :  Vertebral artery  Vertebral veins  Branch of inferior cervical ganglion

13.  Anterior tubercle: scalenus anterior longus capitis oblique part of the longus colli 14

14.  Posterior tubercle : scalenus medius, scalenus posterior, levator scapulae, splenius cervicis, longissimus cervicis,iliocostalis cervicis 15

15. Body Intervertebral disc Transverse process Ant. Tubercle Post. Tubercle foramen transversarium Vertebral vessels (a. & v.) superior Articular facet post. Lamina Ligamentum flava Pedicle Spine (short & bifid) Interspinous ligament Ligamantum nuchae (tip) 10 Vertebral canal Spinal cord 1 8 2 3 6 5 7 7 4 3 2 4 5 10 9 9 8 Typical Cervical Vertebrae C3, C4, C5, C6

16. First cervical vertebra

17. First cervical vertebra- Atlas  Ring shaped  No body  No spine  Short ant arch  Long posterior arch  Rt & Lt masses  Transverse process

18.  Posterior arch – longer than ant arch  Median posterior tubercle  Lateral mass: superior articular facet, groove  Atlanto-occipital joint

19.  Inferior surface : inferior articular facet, circular, more or less flat, directed downward , medially and backward  Articulates with corresponding axis vertebra to form atlanto-axial joint  Medial surface has a roughened tubercle- transverse ligament  transverse process projects laterally from lateral mass – long , acts as lever for rotatory movements of head , pierced by foramen transversarium

20. Attachments of Atlas vertebrae  Anterior tubercle- anterior longitudinal ligament  On each side –longus colli

21.  Upper border of the anterior arch gives attachment to the anterior atlanto-occipital membrane

22.  Posterior tubercle provides attachment to the ligamentum nuchae in the median plane and gives origin to the rectus capitis posterior minor on each side

23.  Groove on the upper surface of the posterior arch is occupied by the vertebral artery and by the first cervical nerve

24.  Transverse process- rectus capitus lteralis, superior oblique, inferior oblique , levator scapulae, splenius cervicis, scalenius medius

25. Ant. Arch Ant. atlanto-occipital membrane Post. Arch Post. atlanto-occipital membrane Transverse process. superior articular facet 5. Neural canal. Spinal cord 6. Foramen transversarium Vertebral vessles Groove for vertebral a. Tubercle for tr. Ligament. Facet for dense of axis Post. Tubercle Ligamantum nuchae Ant. Tubercle Ant. Longitudinal ligament 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 6 7 7 11 10

26. Second cervical vertebra- Axis  Identified by the presence of dens or odontoid process (strong tooth like process projecting upwards from the body )

27. Axis – Body & Dens  Superior surface of the body- fused with Dens  Dens articulates anteriorly with ant arch of atlas, posteriorly with transverse ligament of atlas  Superior articular facets  Inferior surface – prominent ant margin which projects downwards

28. Axis- vertebral arch  Pedicle- superior articular facet (circular directed upward and laterally)  Inferior surface – deep wide inf vertebral notch  Lamina- superior vertebral notch behind the sup articular process  Lamina – thick & strong  Transverse process  Spine : large , thick, very strong, grooved inferiorly, bifid

29. Attachments of Axis vertebrae

30. Median atlanto axial ligament

31.  Ant surface of body- longus coli, ant longitudinal ligament  Post surface of body-post longitudinal ligament, cruciate ligament, membrana tectoria  Tip of transverse process- levatoor scapulae, sclenus medius  Spine –ligamentum nuchae, vertebral muscles

32. Dense = odontoid process superior Articular facet Neural canal . Spinal cord Spine (short , not bifid) Interspinous ligament Ligamantum nuchae (tip) Lamina Ligamantum flava Foramen trnasversarium. Vertebral vessles (a. &v.) Alar ligamant Apical ligament. Transverse groove for tr. ligament Post. Longitudinal ligament. 1 2 2 5 5 4 5 6 6 9

33. Cervical 7(C7) Sp i n o usproc e s s not bifid, largeproject posteriorly Vertebral Prominents

34. Seventh cervical vertebra – Vertebra Prominens  Long ,thick, horizontal spinous process  Not bifid , ends in a tubercle  Transverse process- large , post root is larger than ant  Ant tubercle is absent  Small foramen transversarium - sometimes double/ absent

35. Attachment of vertebrae prominens  Spine - ligamentum nuchae, trapezius , rhomboideus minor, serratus posterior superior, splenius capitus , semispinalis thoracis , spinalis cervicis, multifundus  Transverse foramen: accessory vertebral vein,  Posterior tubercle- suprapleural membrane  Lower border- levator costarum

36. Body Intervertebral disc Transverse process 2 4 3 6 1 8 6 3 2 3. foramen transversarium Vertebral vein only 5 5 5 4. superior Articular facet 5. post. Lamina Ligamentum flava 7 6. Pedicle 7. Spine (long & not bifid) Interspinous ligament Ligamantum nuchae (tip) 8. Vertebral canal Spinal cord 7 th Cervical Vertebrae

37. Conclusion Characteristics C3-c6 c1 c2 c7 Body Ant arch Post arch Spinous process Bifid No Bifid Single long Superior articular facet Bean shaped Bean shaped oval Bean shaped