ch - 3 drainage breif presentation .pptx

chater 3 drainage breif presentation

1. Exploring the Intricate World of Drainage Systems

2. Major Drainage Basins of India Ganges Basin Covers parts of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal, supporting a large population and crucial for agriculture. Brahmaputra Basin Includes parts of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh, known for its high discharge and fertile plains. Indus Basin Encompasses regions in Punjab and Jammu & Kashmir, important for irrigation and a significant portion of Pakistan's agriculture.

3. Major River Systems in India 1 Ganges River Originates from the Himalayas, flows through northern India, and empties into the Bay of Bengal. Vital for religious, cultural, and economic activities. 2 Yamuna River A major tributary of the Ganges, flowing through Delhi and Agra. Key for water supply and agriculture. 3 Godavari River The longest river in peninsular India, flowing eastward into the Bay of Bengal. Supports irrigation and drinking water needs for several states.

4. Characteristics of Drainage Patterns Dendritic Resembles a tree, formed on uniform substrates. Common in regions with flat or gently sloping terrain. Radial Streams radiate outward from a central peak, such as volcanic mountains. Trellis Characterized by parallel streams joined by perpendicular tributaries, common in areas with folded mountains. Annular Circles around a central high area, often found in regions with dome-like structures.

5. Importance of Effective Drainage Systems 1 Flood Prevention Well-designed drainage systems prevent water from accumulating and flooding agricultural fields and urban areas. 2 Agricultural Support Effective drainage ensures proper soil moisture, enhancing crop growth and productivity. 3 Infrastructure Protection Reduces the risk of water damage to roads, buildings, and other infrastructure. 4 Health Benefits Prevents waterlogging that can lead to the spread of waterborne diseases.

6. Human Impact on Drainage Systems Deforestation Leads to reduced water absorption by soil and increased runoff, causing erosion and floods. Urbanization Impervious surfaces like roads and buildings increase runoff and can overwhelm natural drainage systems, leading to flooding. Pollution Contamination from industrial and domestic waste affects water quality and disrupts aquatic ecosystems. Land Use Changes Alteration of natural landscapes for agriculture or construction changes natural drainage patterns and can lead to problems like soil erosion.

7. Case Study: River Pollution The Ganges River Heavily polluted due to industrial discharge, religious activities, and untreated sewage. Impacts Affects drinking water quality, health of local communities, and aquatic life. Causes skin diseases, gastrointestinal problems, and ecological imbalances. Efforts to Address Government and NGO initiatives for river clean-up, such as the Namami Gange program, and community-driven pollution control measures.

8. Conservation and Management of Drainage Systems Watershed Management Practices to protect and restore watershed areas to maintain natural water flow and quality. River Clean-Up Projects Initiatives to remove pollutants, restore riverbanks, and enhance water quality. Sustainable Practices Promoting responsible land use, reducing pollution, and implementing rainwater harvesting to manage and conserve water resources.