Challenges of global warming in fishing sector[1].pptx

major challenges faced by fisheries sector due to climate change and global warming

1. Challenges of global warming in fishing sector Submitted by: Group A

2. Outline Introduction Mitigation Mitigation strategies Adaptation Adaptation strategies Climate smart aquaculture

3. Introduction Climate change is projected to impact broadly across ecosystems, societies and economics, increasing pressure on all livelihoods and food supplies. The major chunk of earth is encompassed by water that harbors vast majority of marine and freshwater fishery resources and thus likely to be affected to a greater extent by vagaries of climate change. Climate change effects on aquaculture production are expected to be both direct and indirect.The direct effects include influencing the physical and physiology of finfish and shellfish stocks in production systems. While indirect effects may occur through altering the primary and secondary productivity, and structure of the ecosystems, input supplies or by affecting product prices, fishmeal, and fish oil costs, and other goods and services needed by fishers and aquaculture producers

4. What is causing the Earth’s climate to change?

5. Mitigation (Focus on greenhouse gases) Mitigation centers on the root cause of climate change,the heat-trapping greenhouse gases humans are adding to the atmosphere faster than our planet can absorb them. These can be addressed by reducing the sources of greenhouse gas emissions, or enhancing “sinks” of greenhouse gases that remove them from the atmosphere. Reducing sources:   Almost three-quarters of human’s greenhouse gas emissions come from burning fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas, so mitigation often focuses on replacing those fuels with other sources of energy, like  renewables and nuclear power. Mitigation can also tackle other sources of greenhouse gases: protecting forests from being cut down, for instance, or collecting methane from landfills. Enhancing sinks:   other forms of mitigation, like growing new forests and designing and building “direct air capture” systems, work by taking greenhouse gases out of the atmosphere—sometimes called “carbon removal.”

6. Mitigation strategies Shifting away from fossil fuels : Fossil fuels are the biggest source of greenhouse gases, so transitioning to modern renewable energy sources like solar, wind and geothermal power, and advancing sustainable modes of transportation, is crucial. Improving energy efficiency : Using less energy overall – in buildings, industries, public and private spaces, energy generation and transmission, and transportation – helps reduce emissions. This can be achieved by using thermal comfort standards, better insulation and energy efficient appliances, and by improving building design, energy transmission systems and vehicles. Changing aquacultural practices : Shifting to sustainable aquaculture can be emerged as rays of hope to deal with these challenges in the present as well as near future also such as IMTA, IPRS and integrated aquaculture systems Creating a supportive environment : Investments, policies and regulations that encourage emission reductions, such as incentives, carbon pricing and limits on emissions from key sectors are crucial to driving climate change mitigation

7. Su stainable management and conservation of forests :  Ocean act as carbon sinks , absorbing carbon dioxide and reducing the overall concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Measures to reduce deforestation and forest degradation are key for climate mitigation and generate multiple additional benefits such as biodiversity conservation and improved water cycles. Restoring and conserving critical ecosystems : In addition to ocean , ecosystems such as wetlands, peatlands, and grasslands, as well as coastal biomes such as mangrove forests, also contribute significantly to carbon sequestration, while supporting biodiversity and enhancing climate resilience.

8. Summary of Mitigation procedures in fisheries sector

9. Adaptation (Focus on climate impacts) Adaptation is a critical component of the long-term global response to climate change to protect people, livelihoods and ecosystems Successful adaptation not only depends on governments but also on the active and sustained engagement of stakeholders, including local communities, national, regional, multilateral and international organizations, public and private sectors, civil society and other relevant actors, as well as an effective management of knowledge.  Adoption of coping strategies to the impacts of climate change   is a must for artisanal fisheries system and the rural fishing communities who contributes very little to global warming but inevitably suffer more for the negatives effects. However, the appropriateness and effectiveness of these measures would depend on the characteristics and vulnerability of the fisheries and the fishing communities.

10. Adaptation strategies: The country’s capture fisheries which have suffered depletion through stress factors such as overfishing and pollution and now being compounded by changes in climate, should be on continuous well planned restocking programme to reduce their vulnerability . Adaptation at culture level : Increasing depth of pond Diversification of fish species Planting dense shrubs and small plant on dykes to avoid direct sunlight Protecting the resilience of the freshwater and coastal waters, by avoiding habitat destruction and pollution . Marking aqua-points across the globe which are naturally waterlogged in order to prevent deforestation of mangroves for constructing new ponds. De-silting of the natural water bodies , (rivers, lakes, creeks and reservoirs) to prevent drying up which has already manifested in zones across the country. Integration of fishing or aquaculture with agriculture to diversify the economy and empower the communities to secure their means of livelihoods.

11. Development, adaptation and adoption of appropriate fish post-harvest technology to reduce huge loss incurred in the rural fishing communities and make-up for reduced fish production arising from the impact of climate change More attention to mariculture in view of the anticipated impacts of climate change on freshwater aquaculture Promotion of fish culture in cages and irrigation canals of the reservoirs to enhance livelihoods of the communities Promote the culture of planktophagous and herbivorous fishes that feed at the lower level of food chain and others such as seaweed and shellfish which, according to FAO (2009) could help to sequester carbon. Improvement of the microclimatic conditions of fish farms, natural waters and the larger environment through planting of shrubs and vegetables around pond areas, orchards/semi-deep rooting trees around natural water bodies and massive afforestation programme . Researches on suitable alternative protein sources to overcome the dependence on fish meal. Training opportunities and financial assistance to reduce vulnerability of the fishing communities to the impacts of climate change Production of  genetically improved fish strains by incorporating genes coding for heat-shock proteins  (i.e. Hsp70) is a key adaptation to acute heat stress and will be important in determining responses to climate change.

12. Climate-smart approaches in fisheries and aquaculture C limate-smart approaches in fisheries and aquaculture address three key objectives. The first objective is connected to the overarching goal of achieving sustainable food systems, and encompasses the environmental, social and economic aspects of fisheries. The second objective focuses on the need to reduce the vulnerability of the sector to the impacts of climate change and build the sector's resilience so that it can cope with the impacts climate variability. The third objective is to enable the sector, where possible, to contribute to the mitigation of greenhouse gases emissions during the harvest and production stages and throughout the entire value chain.

13. In order to do that climate-smart aquaculture relies on several methods such as improving feed efficiency, selecting low-emission feed ingredients, and reducing the use of fossil fuels . It also aims to optimize production efficiency by reducing waste, improving water quality, and implementing integrated farming practices. Another key principle of climate-smart aquaculture is enhancing the resilience of the ecosystem . This includes measures such as monitoring water quality, managing fish and shellfish diseases, and reducing the impact of invasive species. By adopting climate-smart aquaculture practices, fish and shellfish farmers can improve the sustainability of their operations , increase their profitability , and contribute to a more sustainable global food system.

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