Changing cultural traditions

HISTORY
RENAISSANCE

1. CHANGING CULTURAL TRADITIONS

2. INDEX 1. OBJECTIVE 2. INTRODUCTION 3. MEANING OF RENAISSANCE 4.FACTORS AND CONDITIONS OF THE ERA - THE BLACK PLAGUE - SETTINGS AND PLACES INVOLVED - CULTURAL CONDITIONS - ITALIAN CITIES

3. INDEX 5.START OF A NEW ERA - EVENTS 6. UNIVERSITIES AND HUMANITIES 7. A HUMANIST VIEW OF HISTORY 8. SCIENCE 9. PHILOSOPHY 10. CONTRIBUTIONS - ART, ARCHITECTURE AND MUSIC -PRINTED BOOKS AND LIBRARIES

4. INDEX 11.ASPIRATIONS OF WOMEN 12. DEBATES WITHIN CHRISTIANITY 13. INDIAN RENAISSANCE 14. IMPACT OF A CULTURAL REVOLUTION 15. RELEVANCE IN THE 21 ST CENTURY CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY PHOTO GALLERY MAP

5. OBJECTIVE We intend to understand · the events that took place in this age. · the monarchy of the cities and countries in which this ensued. · the factors responsible for the renaissance coming to pass. · how new disciplines and fields of study sprang to existence. · the cause of existence of universities. · on humanities and a humanist view of knowledge and history. · Contributions of different countries and communities to the new disciplines of science and philosophy

6. Different causes for the renewed interest in art, architecture and music · Creation of printed books and exchange of ideas · Various aspirations of women · Debates within Christianity · The Indian renaissance · And last, but not the least, the impact of this change in cultural traditions

7. INTRODUCTION The shift from the medieval period to modernity is usually referred to as Renaissance. -Explosion of ideas -foundations of science and philosophy -humanist principle -ethereal pieces of art and music

8. -books and printed pamphlets -scientific revolution -strong catholic church ideology -Feminism -holy crusade wars -Indian renaissance

9. The word Renaissance means a revival of interest in something (origin: French). It is actually a social, cultural and political revolution that mostly took place in European cities. Historians usually refer to the period of the 15 th - 16 th century when a sudden revival of artistical, architectural, and literature occurred. Many factors were responsible for this. MEANING OF RENNAISANCE

10. During this period, - common people became more wealthy -different cultures started interacting -more literate population -church also started commissioning works of art and architecture -Wealthy merchants became patrons of artists and musicians -Florence, Venice, Bruges and other northern European cities became the centres of this revolution

11. FACTORS AND CONDITIONS OF THE ERA

12. The Black Plague In 1348 -1350 one of the most devastating event happened to the European population. It began in Genoa and Venice. a number of rats made their way down the rope line from the trading ships and into one of the worst time periods of the history of humankind. There were three forms of the Plague. They were Pneumonia, Septis, and Bubonic Plague or the Black Plague wiped out 25-million people in a shocking turn of events.

13. One in three people died, and the other two-thirds were forever affected by the loss of loved ones and the need for civil reform. Europeans across the continent were affected. Plague hit almost all of Italy and France, southern Spain and northern Africa. It was a devastating event in time.

14. effects Due to the demographic decline, the prices of food dropped and land values declined by 30–40% in most parts of Europe between the years 1350 and 1400. For ordinary people it meant a significant improvement. The survivors got the benefits. The prices of food were cheaper and lands were more abundant, and many of them inherited property from their dead relatives.

15. Cultural conditions The Middle Ages were characterized by their unique socio- cultural conditions. Italy was not a unified area, and different political groups controlled different Italian regions. The south was under the rule of The Kingdom of Naples , the Republic of Florence and the Papal States (centre), the Milanese and the Genoese (north and west respectively), and the Venetians (east). The region was mostly under the feudal system. Merchant Republics were also a political force. Merchants became responsible for the continuous exchange of ideas along with their goods.

16. START OF A NEW ERA Early Renaissance High Renaissance Mannerism.

17. The notable period was the high renaissance. And some of its artists are still world famous whose artwork has stood against the test of time. One such artist was Leonardo Da Vinci who was an Artist, Scientist, Mathematician and an engineer. Several of his sketches contain prototypes for then futuristic machines such as airplanes. He was a man beyond his time and has thus, forever been immortalized through his everlasting paintwork of Mona Lisa.

18. The other two notable high renaissance artists were Michelangelo and Raphael. Michelangelo’s best-known work is the ceiling of Sistine chapel dated 16 th century. The design mainly comprises of nine scenes from the book of genesis. This work has survived till today to be admired as one of the most beautiful homages to God. Raphael admired both Da Vinci, and Michelangelo. His work combines the artistic techniques of both the artists as well as his master, Perugino. His works include ‘The school of Athens’ (1510- 1511) as a part of group of wall frescoes. It sums up the products of the cultural revolution.

19. UNIVERSITIES AND HUMANITIES European Universities were founded between 14th century to 16th century. They were created to educate classes of lawyers, doctors, clergymen, and teachers. Administrators of increasing bureaucracies were also were educated in universities. Large number of intellectual and religious leaders of the Renaissance period came from universities. Scholars also recognised the importance of universities in their writings. Professors also turned into historians for their own universities. Universities were seen as living institutions and fitting dispensed original knowledge into larger intellectual, political, religious, and social contexts.

20. HUMANISM Renaissance Humanism focused on classical literature and redefining society with new morals and goals. It didn’t have a major religious aspect and solely emphasised on the betterment of humankind. It involved ‘studia humanitas’ which is known as humanities in the modern age. It includes topics such as: grammar, history, poetry and philosophy.

21. Humanist history Humanists believed that age before the so-called new age was the dark ages as due to the collapse of the Roman empire and the occupation of the so-called inferior rulers. Yet, the new age was still largely the rule of the church over people. Many scholars argued against calling this period the Renaissance as it had not gained much traction outside Europe. This period was also characterised by the Humanists questioning the Church as the middle men for contact with God. The church believed that humanity was a dark and ignorant species which was obsessed with its own vices. This clashed with the humanist view of the idealistic, virtuous and moral humans. This is what ultimately led to segmentation of church Catholicism into other schools of thought.

22. Several intellectuals started trying to combine western modernism and Indian traditionalism to create a truly national identity. Raja Ravi Varma of the Travancore court is one such example. His paintings show a mix of realism and Indian imagery. INDIAN RENAISSANCE Rabindranath Tagore was a great poet and writer who wrote deeply simple spiritual poetry and stories of the Indian world. Munshi Premchand chose to showcase the social prevailing problems of the time. Abanindranath Tagore was heavily influenced by Chinese spiritualism and his paintings showcase the mystical Indian Spirit.

23. INDIAN RENNAISANCE Several artists created their own versions of BHARAT MATA who was really the ancient goddess Kali Devi. She was represented as exploited and tortured by the British. Some paintings showcased her as proud and indomitable to represent her unbroken spirit. Thus, our nationalist identity evolved as a reaction to western ideas and traditions of ancient Indians.

24. THE IMPACT OF A CULTURAL REVOLUTION Many historians still argue on the existence of renaissance. This period was characterised major leaps in the fields of philosophy, art and literature yet, it was also coinciding with constant religious based wars and European brutalities. Despite the largely optimistic writings of old and white historians, one cannot ignore the killings of the people residing out of the continents. The Poor also did not recognise much difference in their day-to-day life as the now rich peasants and traders competed for power amongst themselves. Despite their differences many current historians agree that this period was od great importance. We can still see echoes of this past in 21 st century in the sheer amount of beautiful artwork and pieces of writing which has survived till now. Politicians still read the works of great but misunderstood Machiavelli and critics still analyse the divine comedy, a great piece written by Dante Alighieri who was recently referenced in the Disney Film Coco. Foundations of many field were established in that period thanks to Newton, Galileo, Da Vinci and others. Science and Philosophy found many great minds in that period.

25. The relentless persecution of the Church against its enemies ultimately led to creation one of the most famous secret society which is rumoured to be responsible for the French Revolution. Much of the ideas that were proposed then still continue to define our world. And the concept of Black Plague is now more than ever, relevant.

26. Lessons learned from renaissance CONCLUSION CONCLUSIO

27. This project helped further our understanding on the renaissance and a largely European history. We finally got details on what exact events took place in this age. The movement started following the black plague and led to an explosion of ideas and thoughts. The continent moved away from feudalism and Church thanks to humanism and liberalism. We also understood the reason of why Florence was the birthplace of the revolution: the resourceful Medicis. New disciplines that observed, interpreted and analysed the world around us were created due to an encouraging atmosphere of new artists, philosophers and writers. Universities existed to train the next generation in the literary arts, sciences and philosophies and to make them functioning members of the ‘modern’ society. Women also found their voice and started fighting the good fight. Christianity also came under scrutiny due to its liberal and humanist followers. And The Indian renaissance also occurred as a reaction to the western foreigners’ ideas and brutal repressions. The renaissance in the end is a pure representation of Human creativity and collaboration that has resulted in timeless monuments which tell countless stories of ancient humans and their life.

28. PHOTO GALLERY A GLANCE INTO THE PERIOD

29. THANK YOU Suditi Sinha Sohail Khan 11th B