changing_states_of_matter powerpoint presentation

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1. Changing States of Matter

2. Concept Map

3. 5 States of Matter
3 Most Common States of Matter on Earth
Solids: Definite Shape and volume
Liquids: No definite shape but have a definite volume
Gases: No definite shape or volume.
Uncommon States of Matter on Earth
Plasma
Bose-Einstein Condensates

4. Solids
Two types of solids
Crystalline solids-also called true solids. Have a lattice
structure. Most common.
Amorphous solids-no specific melting point
Solids have tightly packed (contracted) particles that
are always vibrating slowly

5. Liquids
•Liquids move a little faster than solids and their
particles slide (expanding )with each other at this
state.
•Liquids have viscosity, the resistance to flow so the
slower the liquid flows the more viscosity.

6. Gases
•Gases are particles with high average kinetic energy.
•Particles are no longer in constant contact
(expanded). They collide and bounce off each other
•The space between particles allows them to be
compressed.

7. Plasma
•Plasmas have very high energy
•Electrons separate from the atoms and become
ionized. “Free electrons.”
•No definite shape or volume, move as one particle.
•Most common state of matter in the universe

8. Bose-Einstein Condensates
• Just a fraction above absolute zero (0 Kelvin) and only
for some elements – a BEC occurs.
•The atoms start behaving like little waves and start
overlapping one another until they eventually act like
one wave and essentially become a superatom.
•They are not bonded or mixed – they have become
indistinguishable from one another, having the same
qualities and existing in the same place.
Bose-Einstein Condensates

9. Heat and Temperature
•Heat is the amount of thermal energy.
•Latent heat is the amount of heat needed to
change from one state of matter to another.
•Heat is measured in Joules
•Temperature is the average amount of kinetic
energy of the particles in a substance
•Temperature is measured in Celsius or Kelvin

10. Heating Curve of Water

11. Changes in Heat
•Latent Heat of Fusion is the amount of heat
needed to break the bonds of a solid and turn
it to a liquid.
•Latent Heat of Vaporization is the amount of
heat needed to move a liquid to a gas

12. Phase Changes
When Energy is increased…
•Solid to Liquid-melting or Fusion
•Liquid to gas-vaporization (boiling from bottom or
evaporation from surface)
•Gas to plasma-ionization
•Solid to gas-sublimation
Sublimation of Iodine

13. Phase Changes
When energy decreases…
•Gas to liquid-condensation
•Liquid to solid-freezing
•Gas to solid-deposition
•Plasma to gas-recombination or deionization

14. Phase Change diagram

15. Pressure and Temperature
Lowering or increasing the pressure changes the
temperature at which phase changes occur.
1 atmosphere is STP (standard temp and pressure).
101 kPa and 760mmHg (millimeters of Mercury) are
equivalent measurements.
When you lower the pressure you lower the
temperature at which a phase change will occur
When you increase the pressure you in increase the
temperature at which a phase change will occur

16. Phase Diagram Extras
The Triple Point is when there is equilibrium
and all solid, liquid and gas all exist at the
same temp and pressure at the same time
Critical points are where two phases merge
into a single phase and are identical-exist as
gases