Channels of communication

Communication is simply the act of transferring information from one place, person or group to another. Every communication involves (at least) one sender, a message and a recipient. Formal communication refers to the flow of official information through proper, predefined channels and routes. Informal communication is casual communication between coworkers in the workplace

1. Channels of Communication By Manas Dhibar

2. Meaning A Channel of Communication is the path through which information flows from sender to receiver. Two main communication channels are:- Formal Communication Informal Communication

3. Formal Communication Formal Communication refers to official communication taking place in the organisation . Formal Communication is used to communicate official matters, such as orders, instructions, and other organisational information. Formal Communication may classified as:- Downward Communication Upward Communication Horizontal Communication Diagonal Communication

4. 1. Downward Communication It refers to flow of information from from higher level ( superior ) to lower level ( subordinate ) of the organisational hierarchy. To communicate policies, orders, Instructions, etc. to subordinate. SUPERIOR SUBORDINATE Policies, Procedures Orders, Notice

5. 2. Upward Communication It refers to flow of information from Lower level ( subordinate ) to higher Level ( superior ). To communicate reports,suggestions , Complaints, etc. to superior. SUPERIOR SUBORDINATE Suggestions, Cmplaints Greviences , Progres , Report

6. 3.Horizontal Communication It refers to flow of information between people of different departments working at the same level. To coordinate different activities of two or more departments. It also aims to resolve their interrelated problems. Production Manager Marketing Manager Exchanging of information Between people working At the same level in different departments

7. 4. Diagonal Communication It refers to flow of inormation between persons holding different levels of authority in different departments. To increase organisational efficiency by speeding up communication process and cutting across departmental barriers. Foreman Marketing Manager Exchanging of information Between people holding Different levels of authority in Different departments

8. Networks of Formal Communication Single Chain Network :- Under this network, communication flows from every superior to his subordinate through single chain. Wheel Network :- In wheel network, all subordinates communicate through one superior, who acts as a central authority like a hub of the wheel. Circular Network :- In Circular network, the communication moves in a circle. Each person can communicate with his two adjoining colleagues.

9. Free Flow Network :- In this network, there is no restriction on the flow of communication. Everyone is free to communicate with anyone and everyone in the organisation . Inverted V Network :- In this network, a subordinate is allowed to communicate with his immediate superior as well as his superior’s superior. Networks of Formal Communication

10. Informal Communication refers to the communication that takes place without following the formal lines of communication. Informal Communication arises from social interaction of people. It takes place because of the desire of people to exchange their views, which cannot be done through formal channels. This commnication is also reffered to as “Grapevine Communication”. Informal Communication

11. Single Strand :- In single strand network, information passes from one person to the other in a sequential order. Gossip :- In gossip network, one person passes information to everyone else on non-selective basis. Probability Network :- In probability network, the individual communicates randomly with other individual. Cluster :- In cluster network, the individual communicates with only those people whom he trusts. Networks of Informal Communication

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