CHAPTER 1. Basic Concepts_ Moral and Non, Dilemma.pptx

For you

1. GE 118- ETHICS Eibteesham Y. Sahdun, LPT

2. Can you recall rules that you have to follow?

3. What will happen to the society if there are no rules?

4. In ethics, rules are principles or guidelines that define acceptable behavior.

5. BEAR IN MIND! Rules are not meant to limit one person’s freedom.

6. ETHICS or moral philosophy, is a branch of philosophy which deals with moral standards, inquires about the rightness or wrongness of human behaviour or the goodness and badness of personality, trait or character.

7. ETHICS comes from the Greek word “ethos” meaning custom and in equivalent as “moral” in latin.

8. ETHICS Involves obligations , that is expected to fulfilled, prohibitions that are required to be respected, and ideals that are encouraged to meet.

9. Ethics is a system of moral principles– they affect how people make decisions and lead their lives.

10. 2 BRANCHES OF ETHICS Normative Ethics defines what is right and wrong, actions are judged by their merits, allowing societies to develop codes of conduct of behaviour, e.g. Golden Rule. “how should people act?’ Descriptive Ethics studies how individuals or societies define their morals, and involves describing how people behave and/or what sorts of moral standards they claim to follow (culture). “what do people think is moral?”

11. ETHICS VS. MORALS

12. MORALS adjective describing the human act. can be us ed to refer to specific beliefs or attitudes that people have or to describe acts that people perform. an individual’s personal conduct.

13. Ethics is the science of Morals, while Morality is the practice of Ethics.

14. MORAL & NON-MORAL STANDARDS

15. Moral Standard are based on the natural law , the consequences of one’s actions and sense of duty. Natural law in ethics posits that moral principles are inherent in nature and discoverable through human reason, rather than being created by humans or divine decree.

16. Non-moral Standard originates from social rules, demands of etiquette and good manners. Etiquette refers to the set of customary and accepted rules for polite behavior in a particular social group or situation .

17. MORAL STANDARDS UNIVERSAL relate to right and wrong meant to ensure that individuals act in ways that are beneficial to others and society as a whole. NON-MORAL STANDAR D S ETIQUETTE guidelines that do not relate to questions of right and wrong but rather to personal preferences, rules, and expectations.

18. WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO DIFFERENTIATE MORAL & NON-MORAL STANDARDS?

19. TAKE NOTE! Moral Issue - a situation that calls for moral valuation. (debate) Moral Decision - when one is placed into a situation and confronted by the choice of what act to perform Moral Judgment - an observer who assesses the actions or behavior of someone else. Moral Dilemma - is  a situation where a person must choose between two or more options that are equally undesirable or difficult.

20. POP QUIZ! IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING:Write MS if its Moral Standard & NMS if its Non-moral Standard. Thou shalt not kill No Pedestrian Crossing Do not be late. Do not engage in adultery Males should be the one to propose marraige, not females. 6. T hou shall not steal. 7. Do not speak while you’re eating. 8. Honesty is the best policy. 9. Always wear white and black for mourning, not red. 10. No ID, No Entry.

21. MORAL DILEMMA a situation where a person must choose between two or more options that are equally undesirable or difficult. present situations where there is tension between moral values and duties that are more or less on equal footing. “damn-if-you-do & damn-if-you-dont” situation.

22. TYPES OF DILEMMAS INDIVIDUAL DILEMMA -refers to personal dilemmas. The dilemma is faced by an individual who is torn between 2 obligations to save the wife or obey the law. So this an example of an individual dilemma, eg. "Should Heinz have stolen the drug." (Mackinnon, B., et al 2015) https://sites.google.com/ctu.edu.ph/gec-ethics/chapter-i-understanding-morality-moral-standards/lesson-4-the-three-levels-of-moral-dilemmas

23. TYPES OF DILEMMAS 2. ORGANIZATIONAL An organizational dilemma is a puzzle posed by the dual necessities of a social organization and members' self-interest. It may exist between personal interests and organizational welfare or between group interests and organizational well-being.( Wagner, J. 2019) Organizational dilemmas may likewise occur in business, medical, and public sector. Organizational dilemmas arise due to different opposing concerns between various groupings in an organization.

24. TYPES OF DILEMMAS 3. STRUCTURAL a conflict of perspective of sectors, groups and institutions that maybe affected by the decisions.