Chapter 1.pptx

DNS

1. F unction A nalysis S ystem T echnique (F.A.S.T.) D iagrams Charles Bytheway in 1964 Fast diagrams are function oriented not time based. Fast diagrams allows people to integrate from different background to discuss and resolve the issue. Fast diagram is not the end product or result.

2. Teaching Week 01: F unction A nalysis S ystem T echnique (F.A.S.T.) D iagrams

3. Outline Definitions What is a F.A.S.T. diagram Examples Conclusions / Wrapping up Appendix: useful verbs/nouns for FAST diagrams Appendix: Typical examples

4. What is a “Function”? Functi o n: a two-word phrase formed of an active verb and a measurable noun Active Verb: Describes the specific action we plan to carry out to achieve our intended purpose Measurable Noun: Defines the object onto which the action operates NOTE: Any Verb and Noun may be combined to describe a Function

5. What is the “Function” of this device? Lift car Hold car Lower car Turn lug nuts Hold stem “Activities” OR Raise load Hold load Lower load Apply torque Distribute load “Functions”

6. Use Active Verbs Rather Than Passive Verbs To change passive description to active, try using the noun as the verb and then select another noun Passive Active Provide Support Support Weight Seek Approval Approve Procedures Develop Exhibits Exhibit Products Submit Budget Budget Expenses Determine Resolution Resolve Problem Functions are intended to be taken literally . . . as we attempt to BRING CLARITY . . . in describing WHAT a system actually does Examples

7. Passive and Indirect Verbs Goal-Like Verbs Provide Give Is Supply Furnish Prepare Review Attend Improve “ -ize ” words Optimize Least Maximize Prioritize Present Minimize Customize Economize Verbs to Avoid

8. What is the “Function” of this device? (Spare Tyre)

9. What is the “Function” of this device? (Tote box) (Hint)

10. Construct FAST Diagram Left to Right, and Check it Right to Left Process of Construction: Ident i f y (what yo u f e e l is) th e Basic Funct ion. Ask: “ How i s thi s Function actual l y accompli s hed ? ” & place Secondary Functions to the right of Basic Function. Check the FAST diagram by starting at the right and working left Ask : “ Why mu s t thi s Funct io n b e performed ? ” Secondary Function Secondary Function Secondary Function Ask How? AND logic OR logic Ask Why ? Secondary Function Secondary Function Basic Function FAST Diagrams : prioritize functions of the product & consider functional needs that should be satisfied

11. Construct FAST Diagram Left to Right, and Check it Right to Left

12. Pencil FAST Diagram Ask How? Ask Why? Keep Records Maintain Inf o rmat ion Produce Marks Deposit Medium Apply Pressure Protect Wood Secure Eraser Accommodate Grip Rem ove Marks Absorb Medium Apply Pressure Rub Eraser Improve Appearance Display Inf o rmat ion Correct Inf o rmat ion Record Inf o rmat ion Sup p ort Lead Transmit Force

13. Another Pencil FAST Diagram

14. Candle Lighter FAST Diagram

15. Vacation FAST Diagram

16. Wedding Ceremony FAST Diagram

17. Why think in terms of Functions? “IF I CAN’T GET THE PRODUCT, I’VE GOT TO GET THE FUNCTION.” Lawrence D. Miles (l904-1985) Clarifies intent/purpose Helps to achieve consensus Broadens individual/group viewpoint(s) Aids decision-making Can help to save money! De-personalizes the conversation Minimizes emotion “In the search for, and selection of, alternatives, attention must be constantly focused on function and not on a material, part, or device as such.” “Techniques of Value Analysis and Engineering” Lawrence D. Miles, 1961, McGraw-Hill, NY

18. Four Rules of Function Definition Once defined, the Basic Function does not change ( becomes the principle work a system does ) Example: flashlight is expected to emit light Cost contribution of a Basic Function is a minimal percentage of total system cost Can not sell supporting Secondary Functions without performing Basic Function satisfactorily Loss of Basic Function(s) results in total loss of market value Example: Rolex watch that does not display correct time

19. A FAST Diagram is NOT a Flowchart Flowchart is a graphical representation of: Flow of Logic or Control Data through a program, routine, module or process Documents the order in which tasks are performed FAST Diagram is a "functional structure" representation of a technical system early in the design process Functions expressed as: Active Verb + Measurable Noun Follows House of Quality and before Solution Selection Generic representation independent of any specific implementation

20. Wrapping up At the end of this session I should be able to: Describe what a “Function” is Use active verbs and measurable nouns to form “Functions” Differentiate “Functions” from “Activities” Describe what a F.A.S.T. diagram is Describe what the purpose of a F.A.S.T. diagram is Read a F.A.S.T. diagram Prepare simple F.A.S.T. diagrams for devices / services Describe the advantages of using “Functions” Describe the “Four rules” of “Function” definition Differentiate a F.A.S.T. diagram from a flowchart

21. Appendix Useful Verbs and Nouns FAST Diagram Examples

22. A assure compress delay enclose accelerate attract conduct delegate encourage accept authorize confirm deliver engender achieve award connect demonstrate enhance acquire B conserve design ensure actuate blend consolidate determine equalize add broaden construct develop establish adjust build consult diagnose estimate administer C contain direct evaluate advise calibrate contaminate discharge exchange aid certify continue dispense excludes alert challenge contract disperse exercise align change control display exhaust allocate channel convert disseminate expand allot charge convince dissipate expedite allow circulate cool distribute explore alter clarify coordinate document extend analyze classify correct E F apply clean cost edit fabricate approve close cover educate facilitate arouse collect create effect fail assemble comfort D eject farm assess communicate decorate eliminate fill assign compare decrease employ find assist complete define empty flow Fun c tion Verbs

23. Fun c tion Verbs forecast initiate monitor request form install motivate resist foster integrate mount prescribe resolve fulfill interpret move prevent restore investigate multiply prime retain G involve N process reuse gage isolate negotiate procure reward gather J nurture produce rotate generate join O project S get L observe promote satisfy group latch obtain protect save guide lease occupy R schedule H limit offer raise scrap highlight load open receive seal hold locate operate recognize secure I M order recommend seek identify maintain organize reconcile select illustrate make P redirect sell implement manage package educe sense Increase mandate partition reflect separate indicate manufacture perform regulate serve indoctrinate market permit release service influence match plan remove set inform moderate position repair settle modify pour replace share

24. Fun c tion Verbs forecast initiate monitor request show transfer form install motivate resist signal transmit foster integrate mount prescribe resolve socialize transport fulfill interpret move prevent restore solicit U investigate multiply prime retain solve understand G involve N process reuse space update gage isolate negotiate procure reward specify use gather J nurture produce rotate speed utilize generate join O project S spray V get L observe promote satisfy staff validate group latch obtain protect save stimulate vary guide lease occupy R schedule store verify H limit offer raise scrap stow visit highlight load open receive seal study W hold locate operate recognize secure summarize welcome I M order recommend seek support worship identify maintain organize reconcile select illustrate make P redirect sell T implement manage package educe sense teach Increase mandate partition reflect separate terminate indicate manufacture perform regulate serve test indoctrinate market permit release service track influence match plan remove set train inform moderate position repair settle transcribe modify pour replace share

25. Funct i on Nouns A attire competence creativity duplication acceptability attitudes compliance criteria E access authority component current efficiency accountability awareness concept customer effort accuracy C concern D electrons achievement campaign concurrence damage elements action capabilities condition data emissions activates casting confession dealer emotions adjustment catalog confidence decision empathy administration change conflict deflection energy affection checklist conformance demand enthusiasm agencies children construction design entry agreement circuit contact details environment air claim contamination development equipment alignment classes contents deviancy errors alternatives clearance contingencies deviation event appearance client contractor differences expectations approach climate contracts differential expenditures area comfort contrast dimension experience arrival commitment convenience direction F assembly committees cope dirt facility assets community core distorts failure associates companionship corrosion distribution feasibility assumptions comparison cost downtime feedback attention compartment council drag fellowship

26. Funct i on Nouns financing healing L method others flask health labor mixture owners flexibility heat lagoon model P float heater land moisture pace flow history launch mold package fluid hope law motion participation force I layout motor parts forecast idea level movement passage freedom identification liability passenger friction illumination liaison N path friendship image life need patient fumes impact light noise pattern funds impression line notion payment G impurities liturgy O people gas incentive load objectives performance goals income location obligation personnel God information luster offer piece good injury M opening plan goods interest management operation policies growth interface manpower operator pool guidance inventory market opinion potential guidelines Investment material opportunity power H iron maturation option prerogative habits J measurement order pressure haven justice merchandise organization price

27. Funct i on Nouns fin a ncing heali n g L met hod ot h ers flask h e a l t h labor mi x ture o w n e rs fle x i b i l ity heat lagoon mo d el P flo a t h e at e r land moi sture p a ce flow h i sto ry l a u n ch mold p a cka g e fluid hope law moti o n p a rtici p ati o n force I l a y o u t mot o r p a rts for e cast idea l e vel mov e me n t p a ssa g e fre ed o m i d e n t ificati o n liability p a sse n g e r friction i l l u m i n ati o n l i a i son N p a th frie n ds h ip im a g e l i fe need p a tie n t fum e s im p a ct light n o ise p a tt ern fu n ds im p r ssion line n o tion p a y me n t G im p u r i ties l i tur g y O people ga s i n ce n tive load o b j e ctives p e rforma n ce goal s i n co e l o cati o n o b l i g a tion p e rso n n e l God i n for ati o n l u ster offer p i ece goo d i n j u r y M opening plan good s i n ter e st ma n a g eme nt o p er a tion p o l i ci e s gr o w th i n terf ace ma n p o w er o p er a tor pool g u i d a n ce i n ve n tory mark e t opinion p o te n tial guideline s Inv e s tme n t mat eri a l o p p o rtu n ity p o w er H ir o n mat urati o n o p tion pr e ro g ative h a b i ts J me a sur e m n t or d er pr e ssure h a ven j u sti e merc h a n d i s e or g a n iz a tion pr i ce School of Mechanical, Aerospace & Automotive Engineering principles records shaker systems vehicle priorities relations shock T vendor privacy relationship signal team vibration problem repair skill teamwork views procedure report solace temperature visibility process requests solids tenant volume pr o d u c t re q u i re m e n t s s o u n d s t e rms v o l u n t e ers production resources sources test W pr o fit resp e c t s p a c e t ho u g h t warr a n t y program responsibility specialists time waste progress restrictions specifications timing water projection results stability torque wear property e rigidity staff tour weight proposal risk standards tradition work pr o s p e c t ro t a t io n st e war d s h i p tr a ffi c worklo a d public m rules strangers travel writers m runout stress treatment quality S structure trust safely students U rating sales success understanding reach sand suggestions unique recipe satisfaction suppliers user recognition scriptures supply utilities records series e surface V recommendation c service surplus vacuum

28. More Useful Verbs in Describing Functions Add Display Maintain Sense Analyze Distribute Measure Separate Arrange Eliminate Obtain Start Attach Evaluate Position Store Create Expand Prevent Support Collect Extend Protect Test Combine Freeze Recommend Transmit Confirm Harden Record Transport Contain Heat Reduce Use Conduct Implement Remove Verify Control Increase Resist Convert Insulate Retain Cool Invert Reverse Destroy Isolate Rotate Develop Locate Select

29. More Useful Nouns in Describing Functions Air Fluid Noise Time Area Force Opening Torque Assembly Frequency Pressure Vehicle Atmosphere Friction Protection Vibration Cold Gas Resistance Volume Color Heat Resistance Voltage Comfort Humidity Rotation Waste Communication Indication Shape Water Component Information Size Wear Current Length Solid Weight Distance Material Sound Enclosure Mixture Space Energy Mobility Stress Environment Moisture Temperature Expansion Motion Texture

30. Example: International Ice Patrol Send Iceberg W arnings Transmit Radio Messag e s Compile Messag e s Locate Icebergs Predict Iceberg Po s ition Pur c ha se Sensors Hire Operators Move Operators Move S e ns ors Receive Ship Data C o ll ect Data Predict Ice Drift Operate Radio E s tablish Station Ask How? Ask Why ? Formed in 1913 (result of Titanic sinking - 12Apr1012) Iceberg condition data collected by Fixed wing aircraft Buoys Report warnings at 9pm each day in “plain, concise English” during ice season from February thru July.

31. Ask Why ? Loca t e Sheet Pierce Sheet Adjust Holes Collect Waste Attract User Prohibit Rust Protect Work Surface Drop Holes Collect Holes Loca t e Punch Ass emb l y Retract Punch Guide Punch Drive Punch Support Sheet Paper Pu n ch Example: Produce Holes Basic Function Ask How ? Scope Organize Paper T ask Decorate Surface

32. Mapping of Voice Of Customer to Functions Example: Paper Punch Locate Sheet Easy to insert Stays in place Pierce Sheet Easy to press Won ’ t hurt hand Pierce multiple sheets Non-jamming Adjust Hole (location) Easy access to assembly Easy to position Finger tight Stays in place Collect Waste Holds large quantity of holes Holes won ’ t fall out Easy to clean Produce Holes

33. Ask How ? Example: Flashlight Ask Why ? Convert Electricity to L ig h t Open/close circuit Store Electr i cal Energy Hold Bulb Collect Li g ht House Parts Fit Grip Adsorb Force Form Circuit Reflect Li g ht Protect Bulb Send Current Generate Light Illuminate Surroun d in g s Hold Body Retain Appearance Basic Fun c tion

34. Detect Ice Level Output Height Task Basic Func t ion Display LED Decode Image Sense Environment Have I n f orma t ion Have Power Source Decode I n f orma t ion T rans f er Image Have Algori t hm Cap t ure Picture Emit Light Have Power Source Time Image Capture Have I ce Bin Prepare Camera Have algori t hm Close F reezer Door S t op I ce Maker Case Refrigerator Ice Level Detection

35. Digital Answering Ma chine FAST D iagram Detect Rings Connect Line Answ e r Phone D e te ct Dial - tone Dis c onn ect Line R ece ive M e ssages S tore M e ssages R ec ord A udio Di gitize S i g n al Basic Function Secondary Functions Store Date/time Volume Control Amplify Audio P la y ba c k M e ssa g e s Conv ert M e ssage R etrie ve M e ssa ge Displ ay D a te/time R etrie ve D ate /time Case Digital Answering Machine

36. Case Design a tug boat simulator