chapter 10: the climate change module.ppt

climate change

1. CHAPTER 10 CLIMATE CHANGE F.Pasno

2. OBJECTIVES At the end of this chapter, the students will: Define terms related to climate change Identify the evidences of climate change Determine the underlying causes of climate change Analyze the relationship between the Montreal and Kyoto Protocols Research about the Paris Protocol F.Pasno

3. MAN-MADE CLIMATE CHANGE F.Pasno

4. MAN-MADE CLIMATE CHANGE F.Pasno

5. MAN-MADE CLIMATE CHANGE F.Pasno

6. MAN-MADE CLIMATE CHANGE F.Pasno

7. MAN-MADE CLIMATE CHANGE F.Pasno

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9. https:// letstalkscience.ca /educational-resources/stem-in-context/cows-methane-and-climate-change F.Pasno

10. HISTORY OF ENERGY SUN – first ever source of energy - Provides light and heat FIRE – first great energy technology - Enabled man to cook F.Pasno

11. HISTORY OF ENERGY F.Pasno

12. HISTORY OF ENERGY In 1 AD, Chinese were the first to collect and refine petroleum to be used as fuel for lamps Europeans built wheels in rivers and streams to harness water as energy source Persians built the first windmills as source of energy In 2000 BC, coal was used for heating and cooking (by the Chinese) Early to mid 1700s – intensive coal mining was made possible F.Pasno

13. HISTORY OF ENERGY Coal became important in powering steam engines, heating buildings, and generating electricity It replaced other fuels as man’s main energy source During industrialization, other fossil fuels (oil and natural gas) were also utilized In the 1980s, evidences show that burning of fossil fuels is driving global climate change F.Pasno

14. DEFINITION OF CLIMATE CHANGE According to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), it is a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods . Is the long-term changes in climate, including average temperature and precipitation. It recognizes that, although the average surface temperature may increase, the regional or local temperature may decrease or remain constant. F.Pasno

15. CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE NATURAL CAUSES Solar radiation Volcanic eruptions Natural greenhouse gases Water vapor: most abundant natural greenhouse gas Carbon dioxide: released naturally through respiration and volcanic eruptions Methane: gas produced naturally by wetlands Nitrous oxide: generated by soil cultivation processes and the use of organic fertilizers F.Pasno

16. CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE ANTHROPOGENIC CAUSES Main cause of the recent global warming trend is the human expansion of the “greenhouse effect” Human activities (deforestation, burning of fossil fuels and changes in land use) emit large amounts of this gas : released into the atmosphere thru fossil fuel extraction and vehicle emissions : produced thru fuel burning, use of commercial fertilizers, burning of biomass and nitric acid production : potent greenhouse gas formed from emissions of NO and VOCs CFCs particularly freon, are synthetic chemicals used as refrigerants and aerosols   F.Pasno

17. EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE According to the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) , ”scientific evidence for warming of the climate system is unequivocal”. The following are some of the indicators: Increase in Global Temperature Oceans getting hotter Ocean acidification Melting of the cryosphere Glacial retreat Decreased snow cover Sea level rise Extreme weather events F.Pasno

18. Rising Sea Levels This is probably the best known impact of global warming. Rising sea levels itself will cause many impacts like loss of land, climate refugees, and changes in ecosystems. Low lying areas such as the Netherlands, Egypt, and Bangladesh could be affected. F.Pasno

19. Changing Seasons F.Pasno

20. Loss of Biodiversity As temperatures warm and sea levels rise, the habitats of many plants and animals will alter. Although some animals may be able to migrate to new areas, other plants and animals will lose their habitats forever and become extinct. The most talked about is the polar bear, but coral reefs will see some of the biggest changes and losses of biodiversity. Up to 40% of species and wildlife will become extinct. F.Pasno

21. Desertification Rising temperatures and reduced rainfall will mean that some areas of the world will see increased rates of desertification. Although much of the world ’ s desertification is caused by human factors, reduced rainfall and warmer temperatures will mean that some vegetation will find it hard to survive F.Pasno

22. Increased Tropical Storms and Flashfloods Some scientists believe that warming temperatures are increasing the magnitude and frequency of tropical storms. Tropical storms receive their energy from the sea. For a tropical storm to develop and strengthen, it needs warm seas so with global warming causing sea temperatures to rise it might be increasing the number of tropical storms. F.Pasno

23. Heatwaves and Forest fires Increasing temperatures will cause heat waves in an increasing number of countries, including countries that are not prepared for the heat. E.g. 2003 European heat wave  led to the hottest summer on record in Europe since at least 1540. Over 70,000 people died. Also hot temperatures can dry out vegetation and increase the risk of forest fires (both natural and man made). F.Pasno

24. Heatwaves and Forest fires F.Pasno

25. CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION MONTREAL PROTOCOL Breakthrough agreement that has successfully reduced the global production, consumption, and emissions of ozone-depleting substances specifically the phasing out of CFCs Ended in 2014 and had has successfully eliminated over 98% of controlled ODS F.Pasno

26. CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION KYOTO PROTOCOL Historical agreement being the first international agreement in which many of the world’s industrial nations concluded a verifiable agreement to cut down their greenhouse gas emissions Suffered a huge setback in 2001 when USA pulled out (USA is responsible for a quarter of global emissions), then followed by Canada in 2011. Expired in 2012; some signatories of the protocol have agreed for an extension until 2020 F.Pasno

27. CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION Last March 2017, the Philippines signed in the Paris Agreement on Climate Change 2015, the world’s first comprehensive climate agreement This agreement calls for the reduction of carbon emissions This treaty also demand for the developed countries to give 100 billion USD annually to developing countries by 2020 to help limit emissions and adapt to floods, heat waves, strong storms and sea level rise. F.Pasno

28. What can we do? Climate Change Mitigation: Action taken to stop climate change by reducing the amount of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere Climate Change Adaptation: Action taken to deal with climate change impacts and reduce the effects on lives, livelihoods and ecosystems F.Pasno

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