Chapter 11 The System Proposal. S A Dpptx

SAD system analysis and design

1. Course: CSC1108 - System Analysis & Design Semester: January 2024 Lecturer: Ms Jayashiry Morgan

2. Chapter 11: The System Proposal The Essentials of Designing Output, Designing Input, Designing Data

3. Learning Outcomes By the end of this session, students should be able to: Recognize the importance of a system proposal in guiding system development decisions. Demonstrate the significance of effective output and input design in ensuring successful system development.

4. The System Proposal In the realm of System Analysis and Design, the system proposal plays a crucial role in shaping the course of a project. It serves as the blueprint that outlines the essential elements of the system to be developed. A comprehensive system proposal ensures that all stakeholders are on the same page and provides a roadmap for the entire project lifecycle.

5. Designing Input Basic Principles Input design aims to capture accurate information for the system in a simple and straightforward manner. Two general approaches for entering inputs into a computer system are online processing (real-time) and batch processing.

6. Designing Input Capture Data at the Source The most vital principle is to capture data in electronic format at the original source or as close as possible. Source data automation, utilizing technologies like bar code readers and RFID tags, reduces errors and enhances accuracy.

7. Designing Input Minimize Keystrokes Emphasizes minimizing keystrokes to improve efficiency and reduce errors. Predictable defaults, such as current dates or commonly used values, can simplify and speed up data entry.

8. Designing Input User Input Options

9. Designing Input Input Validation Validates all entered data to ensure accuracy, involving completeness checks, format checks, range checks, check digit checks, consistency checks, and database checks.

10. Designing Output Basic Principles Output design focuses on presenting information to users for easy understanding. Understanding how reports are used and managing information load are crucial principles.

11. Designing Output Understand Report Usage Reports should be designed based on how they are used, considering factors like sorting order and presentation format. Real-time and batch reports serve different purposes and should be designed accordingly.

12. Designing Output Types of Input Validation

13. Designing Output Manage Information Load The goal is to provide sufficient, relevant information without overwhelming users. Reports should present critical information first and be usable without modification.

14. Designing Output Minimize Bias Designers must be wary of unintentional biases introduced by sorting methods or graphic displays. Graphs, in particular, should have scales starting at zero to avoid misleading visual representations.

15. Designing Output Types of Outputs Various types of reports include detail reports, summary reports, exception reports, turnaround documents, and graphs. Electronic reports offer flexibility, on-demand generation, and improved accessibility.

16. Designing Data The design of data within a system is a critical component that influences the accuracy, efficiency, and overall effectiveness of the information system. Properly designed data structures and storage mechanisms are essential for ensuring that the system can efficiently manage and retrieve information

17. Designing Data Data Structures Choose Appropriate Data Types : Select data types that accurately represent the nature of the data and optimize storage. For example, use integer types for whole numbers and varchar for variable-length character strings. Arrays and Lists : Consider the use of arrays or lists to store collections of similar data elements. This is particularly useful when dealing with repetitive structures like a series of dates or product codes.

18. Designing Data Data Storage and Retrieval Indexing: Implement indexing on key fields to speed up data retrieval operations. Indexing allows the system to locate specific records more quickly. Data Partitioning: Partition large datasets into smaller, manageable segments. This enhances performance by allowing the system to operate on smaller portions of data at a time.

19. Designing Data Data Integrity Referential Integrity : Enforce referential integrity to maintain consistency in relationships between tables. This ensures that foreign key references always point to valid primary key values. Constraints : Implement constraints to enforce data integrity rules, such as unique constraints to prevent duplicate entries in key fields .

20. Designing Data Data Security Access Controls: Define and implement access controls to restrict unauthorized access to sensitive data. This includes user authentication and authorization mechanisms. Encryption: Use encryption techniques to secure data during transmission and storage, preventing unauthorized access to sensitive information.

21. Designing Data Documentation Data Dictionary: Maintain a comprehensive data dictionary that documents the structure, relationships, and attributes of all data elements. This serves as a reference for developers and system administrators.

22. Class Activity: System Proposal Workshop Divide into 2 groups You will be given a hypothetical project scenario. Brainstorm among groups and jot down ideas for the system proposal. C onsider the principles of input design, output design, and data design discussed in this chapter. Using the insights gained from the brainstorming session, each group will collaboratively create a system proposal document . The document should include sections on Project Overview, System Objectives, Input Design, Output Design, Data Design, and Implementation Plan. P resent your proposal to the class. P eer review and feedback. Encourage constructive criticism and suggestions for improvement.