Chapter 2.2: Solutions and Their Properties (Solution Stoichiometry)

1. Solution Stoichiometry

1. GENERAL CHEMISTRY II
WEEK 4

2. 1.Usedifferentwaysofexpressing
concentrationofsolutions:percentbymass,
molefraction,molarity,molality,percentby
volume,percentbymass,ppm.
2.Performstoichiometriccalculationsfor
reactionsinsolution.
3.Describetheeffectofconcentrationonthe
colligativepropertiesofsolutions.

3. 4.Differentiatecolligativepropertiesof
nonelectrolytesolutionsandofelectrolyte
solution.
5.Calculatetheboilingpointelevationand
freezingpointdepressionfromthe
concentrationofasoluteinasolution

4. 6.Calculatemolarmassfromcolligative
propertydata.
7.Describelaboratoryproceduresin
determiningconcentrationofsolution.

5. General Chemistry 2 –Senior High School (STEM)
EQ: Why is solution stoichiometry significant?

6. Thequantitativestudyoftherelative
amountsofreactantsandproductsin
chemicalreactionsisreferredto
asstoichiometry.
Solutionstoichiometrydealswithrelative
quantitiesofreactantsandproductsfor
chemicalreactionsoccurringinsolutions.

7. 1.Howmanygramsofsolidcalcium
hydroxide,Ca(OH)2,arerequiredtoreact
with350mLof0.40MHCl?
__HCl+ __Ca(OH)
2__CaCl
2 + __ H
2O

8. 1.Howmanygramsofsolidcalciumhydroxide,
Ca(OH)2,arerequiredtoreactwith350mLof
0.40MHCl?
__HCl+ __Ca(OH)2 __CaCl
2+ __ H2O
Step 1: Identify the given and unknown units.
Given: _________________________
Find: _________________________

9. 1.Howmanygramsofsolidcalciumhydroxide,
Ca(OH)2,arerequiredtoreactwith350mLof
0.40MHCl?
__HCl+ __Ca(OH)
2__CaCl
2+ __ H2O
Step1: Identify the given and unknown units.
Given: 350 mL of 0.40 M HCl
Find: grams of Ca(OH)2

10. Step2:Balancethechemicalequation:
__HCl+ __Ca(OH)
2__CaCl
2+ __ H
2O

11. Step2:Balancethechemicalequation:
2HCl + __Ca(OH)
2__CaCl
2+ 2H
2O

12. Step 3: Convert the given mL to L
Given: 350 mL of 0.40 M HCl

13. Step 3: Convert the given mL to L
Given: 350 mL of 0.40 M HCl
350 mL x
�??????
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= 0.35o L

14. Step 4: Write the “given” and “unknown units”
Given: 350 mL of 0.40 M HCl
Find: grams of Ca(OH)2
0.350L x x x = ____ g ofCa(OH)
2

15. Step 5: Fill in factors
2HCl + __Ca(OH)
2__CaCl
2+ 2H
2O
Given: 350 mL of 0.40 M HCl
Find: grams of Ca(OH)2
0.350Lx
�.�����????????????�
�??????
x x =____gofCa(OH)
2

16. Step 5: Fill in factors
2HCl + __Ca(OH)
2__CaCl
2+ 2H
2O
Given: 350 mL of 0.40 M HCl
Find: grams of Ca(OH)2
0.350Lx
�.���??????�????????????�
�??????
x
��??????�Ca(OH)
2
��??????�????????????�
x =____gof
Ca(OH)
2

17. Ca(OH)
2
Ca-1 x 40 = 40g/mol
O -2 x 16 = 32g/mol
H -2 x 1 = 2 g/mol
Total Molar Mass = 74g/mol

18. Step 5: Fill in factors
2HCl + __Ca(OH)
2__CaCl
2+ 2H
2O
Given: 350 mL of 0.40 M HCl
Find: grams of Ca(OH)2
0.350Lx
�.���??????�????????????�
�??????
x
��??????�Ca(OH)
2
��??????�????????????�
x
��??????
��??????�
=____gof
Ca(OH)
2

19. Step 6: Solve
2HCl + __Ca(OH)
2__CaCl
2+ 2H
2O
Given: 350 mL of 0.40 M HCl
Find: grams of Ca(OH)2
0.350Lx
�.���??????�????????????�
�??????
x
��??????�Ca(OH)
2
��??????�????????????�
x
��??????
��??????�
=____gof
Ca(OH)
2

20. Step 6: Solve
2HCl + __Ca(OH)
2__CaCl
2+ 2H
2O
Given: 350 mL of 0.40 M HCl
Find: grams of Ca(OH)2
0.350Lx
�.���??????�????????????�
�??????
x
��??????�Ca(OH)
2
��??????�????????????�
x
��??????
��??????�
=5.18gof
Ca(OH)
2

21. 2.How many grams of aluminum are required
to react with 35 mL of 2.0 M hydrochloric
acid, HCl?
__ HCl+ __ Al __ AlCl
3+ __ H
2

22. 2.How many grams of aluminum are required
to react with 35 mL of 2.0 M hydrochloric
acid, HCl?
__ HCl+ __ Al __ AlCl
3+ __ H
2
Step 1: Identify the given and unknown units.
Given: _________________________
Find: _________________________

23. 2.How many grams of aluminum are required
to react with 35 mL of 2.0 M hydrochloric
acid, HCl?
__ HCl+ __ Al __ AlCl
3+ __ H
2
Step 1: Identify the given and unknown units.
Given: 35 mL of 2.0M HCl
Find: g of Al

24. Step2:Balancethechemicalequation:
__ HCl+ __ Al __ AlCl
3+ __ H
2

25. Step2:Balancethechemicalequation:
6HCl+ 2Al 2AlCl
3+ 3H
2

26. Step 3: Convert the given mL to L
Given: 35 mL of 2.0M HCl

27. Step 3: Convert the given mL to L
Given: 35 mL of 2.0M HCl
35 mL x
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= 0.035 L

28. Step 4: Write the “given” and “unknown units”
Given: 35 mL of 2.0M HCl
Find: g of Al
0.035L x x x = ____ g ofAl

29. Step 5 : Fill in factors
6HCl+ 2Al 2AlCl
3+ 3H
2
Given: 35 mL of 2.0M HCl
Find: g of Al
0.035L x
�.����????????????�
�??????
x x = ____ g ofAl

30. Step 5 : Fill in factors:
6HCl+ 2Al 2AlCl
3+ 3H
2
Given: 35 mL of 2.0M HCl
Find: g of Al
0.035L x
�.����????????????�
�??????
x
����??????�
����????????????�
x = ____ g ofAl

31. Al = 1 x 27 = 27 g/mol

32. Step 5 : Fill in factors:
6HCl+ 2Al 2AlCl
3+ 3H
2
Given: 35 mL of 2.0M HCl
Find: g of Al
0.035L x
�.����????????????�
�??????
x
����??????�
����????????????�
x
��??????
����
= ____ g ofAl

33. Step 6 : Solve
6HCl+ 2Al 2AlCl
3+ 3H
2
Given: 35 mL of 2.0M HCl
Find: g of Al
0.035L x
�.����????????????�
�??????
x
����??????�
����????????????�
x
��??????
����
= ____ g ofAl

34. Step 6 : Solve
6HCl+ 2Al 2AlCl
3+ 3H
2
Given: 35 mL of 2.0M HCl
Find: g of Al
0.035L x
�.����????????????�
�??????
x
����??????�
����????????????�
x
��??????
����
= 0.63 g ofAl

35. 3.How many liters of a 3.0 M H3PO4 solution
are required to react with 4.5 g of zinc?
__ H
3PO
4+ __ Zn __ Zn
3(PO4)
2+ __ H
2

36. 3.How many liters of a 3.0 M H3PO4 solution
are required to react with 4.5 g of zinc?
__ H
3PO
4+ __ Zn __ Zn
3(PO4)
2+ __ H
2
Step 1: Identify the given and unknown units.
Given: __________
Find: __________

37. 3.How many liters of a 3.0 M H3PO4 solution
are required to react with 4.5 g of zinc?
__ H
3PO
4+ __ Zn __ Zn
3(PO4)
2+ __ H
2
Step 1: Identify the given and unknown units.
Given: 4.5 g of Zn
Find: L of a 3.0 M H
3PO
4

38. Step 2: Balance the chemical equation.
__ H
3PO
4+ __ Zn __ Zn
3(PO4)
2+ __ H
2

39. Step 2: Balance the chemical equation.
2H
3PO
4+ 3Zn Zn
3(PO4)
2+ 3H
2

40. Step 3: Write the “given” and “unknown units”
2H
3PO
4+ 3Zn Zn
3(PO4)
2+ 3H
2
Given: 4.5 g of Zn
Find: L of a 3.0 M H
3PO
4
4.5 g Zn x x x = _____ L H
3PO
4

41. Step 4: Fill in factors
2H
3PO
4+ 3Zn Zn
3(PO4)
2+ 3H
2
Given: 4.5 g of Zn
Find: L of a 3.0 M H
3PO
4
4.5 g Zn x x x = _____ L H
3PO
4

42. 4.5 grams of Zn
Zn : 1 x 65 = 65 g/mol

43. Step 4: Fill in factors
2H
3PO
4+ 3Zn Zn
3(PO4)
2+ 3H
2
Given: 4.5 g of Zn
Find: L of a 3.0 M H
3PO
4
4.5 g Zn x
����
��????????????�
x x = _____ L H
3PO
4

44. Step 4: Fill in factors
2H
3PO
4+ 3Zn Zn
3(PO4)
2+ 3H
2
Given: 4.5 g of Zn
Find: L of a 3.0 M H
3PO
4
4.5 g Zn x
����
��????????????�
x
����H
3PO
4
����??????�
x
�??????
�.����H
3PO
4
= _____ L H
3PO
4

45. Step 5: Solve
2H
3PO
4+ 3Zn Zn
3(PO4)
2+ 3H
2
Given: 4.5 g of Zn
Find: L of a 3.0 M H
3PO
4
4.5 g Zn x
����
��????????????�
x
����H
3PO
4
����??????�
x
�??????
�.����H
3PO
4
= _____ L H
3PO
4

46. Step 5: Solve
2H
3PO
4+ 3Zn Zn
3(PO4)
2+ 3H
2
Given: 4.5 g of Zn
Find: L of a 3.0 M H
3PO
4
4.5 g Zn x
����
��????????????�
x
����H
3PO
4
����??????�
x
�??????
�.����H
3PO
4
= 0.015 L H
3PO
4

47. 4.Howmanymillilitersof1.50MNitricacidis
requiredtoreactwith100.0gofcuprous
oxide?
HNO
3+ Cu
2O Cu(NO
3)
2+ NO + H
2O

48. 4.Howmanymillilitersof1.50MNitricacidis
requiredtoreactwith100.0gofcuprousoxide?
HNO
3+ Cu
2O Cu(NO
3)
2+ NO + H
2O
Step 1: Identify the given and unknown units.
Given: __________
Find: __________

49. 4.Howmanymillilitersof1.50MNitricacid
(HNO
3)isrequiredtoreactwith100.0gof
cuprousoxide(Cu
2O)?
HNO
3+ Cu
2O Cu(NO
3)
2+ NO + H
2O
Step 1: Identify the given and unknown units.
Given: 100.0 g of Cu
2O
Find: mL of 1.50 M HNO
3

50. Step2:Balancethechemicalequation.
HNO
3+ Cu
2O Cu(NO
3)
2+ NO + H
2O

51. Step2:Balancethechemicalequation.
14HNO
3+ 3Cu
2O 6Cu(NO
3)
2+ 2NO + 7H
2O

52. Step 3: Write the “given” and “unknown units”
14HNO
3+ 3Cu
2O 6Cu(NO
3)
2+ 2NO + 7H
2O
Given: 100.0 g of Cu
2O
Find: mL of 1.50 M HNO
3
100.0 g Cu
2Ox x x = _____ mL
HNO
3

53. Step 4: fill in factors
14HNO
3+ 3Cu
2O 6Cu(NO
3)
2+ 2NO + 7H
2O
Given: 100.0 g of Cu
2O
Find: mL of 1.50 M HNO
3
100.0 g Cu
2Ox x x = _____ mL
HNO
3

54. 100.0 g of Cu
2O
Cu : 2 x 64 g = 128 g/mol
O : 1 x 16 g = 16 g/mol
Total Molar Mass = 144 g/mol

55. Step 4: fill in factors
14HNO
3+ 3Cu
2O 6Cu(NO
3)
2+ 2NO + 7H
2O
Given: 100.0 g of Cu
2O
Find: mL of 1.50 M HNO
3
100.0 g Cu
2Ox
����
���??????
x x = _____ L
HNO
3

56. Step 4: fill in factors
14HNO
3+ 3Cu
2O 6Cu(NO
3)
2+ 2NO + 7H
2O
Given: 100.0 g of Cu
2O
Find: mL of 1.50 M HNO
3
100.0 g Cu
2Ox
����
���??????
x
�����??????��
�
����????????????
�
�
x
= ___L HNO
3

57. Step 4: fill in factors
14HNO
3+ 3Cu
2O 6Cu(NO
3)
2+ 2NO + 7H
2O
Given: 100.0 g of Cu
2O
Find: mL of 1.50 M HNO
3
100.0 g Cu
2Ox
����
���??????
x
�����??????��
�
����????????????
�
�
x
�??????
�.����??????��
�
= ___L HNO
3

58. Step 5: Solve
14HNO
3+ 3Cu
2O 6Cu(NO
3)
2+ 2NO + 7H
2O
Given: 100.0 g of Cu
2O
Find: mL of 1.50 M HNO
3
100.0 g Cu
2Ox
����
���??????
x
�����??????��
�
����????????????
�
�
x
�??????
�.����??????��
�
= 2.16 L HNO
3

59. Step 6: Convert L to mL
2.16Lx
�����??????
�??????
=2160mLHNO
3