Chapter 2_Computers in our daily life.pptx

Chapter 2_Computers in our daily life.pptx

1. CHAPTER 2 COMPUTERS IN OUR DAILY LIFE University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

2. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners Argenio , Jones U. BSEd -Mathematics 3 Balanquit , John Rey P. BSEd -Science 3 Colo, Angelica Ni ñ a V. BSEd -Science 3 Lagrimas, Ronnel M. BSEd -Science 3 Maunio , Mary Jane L. BSEd -Science 3 Surio , Edilberto C. BSEd -Science 3

3. At the end of this chapter, the students should be able to: 1. familiarize themselves with the computer number systems; 2. discuss the role of the ASCII code in computer systems and explain how computers use it; 3. examine how a computer's system bus works; 4. identify the different computer network systems and the wired and wireless connections; 5. distinguish between system software and application software; University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

4. At the end of this chapter, the students should be able to: 6. compare and contrast a desktop app and a mobile app in terms of content, layout, and design; and 7. explain the impact of computers on daily life. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

5. OPENING ACTIVITY Pass the Message Form yourselves into groups of 10 members each. Assign a number to each member. Player 1 takes the role of the "computer keyboard" while player 10, the last student in the line, is the "computer monitor." The professor will provide a "message" to the "computer keyboard" that needs to be displayed on the "computer monitor.” University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

6. Create a unique single-word passcode that the player next to you should remember. For example, player 1 should remember player 2's passcode; player 2 should remember player 3's passcode; and so on. Player 6, however, should remember player 5's and player 7's passcodes; player 7 should remember player 6's and player 8's passcodes; and so on. For the message to be passed on and accepted, the player should first shout the passcode of the person(s) beside him or her. Small sheets of paper and pencils are needed by player 6 to player 9. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

7. THE SPECIFIC RULES OF THE GAME ARE AS FOLLOWS: 1. "Computer keyboard" will whisper the "message" to player 2. 2. Player 2 must first shout player 3's passcode correctly before whispering the "message." This rule applies up to player 4. 3. Player 5 will do the same to player 6, by first saying player 6's passcode out loud, but this time, instead of whispering the "message," player 5 must write it down on a small sheet of paper and hand it to player 6. 4. Then, player 6 must shout both player 5's and player 7's passcodes correctly. Player 6 will then copy on a new sheet of paper the "message" to be given to player 7. This rule applies until the last player writes the "message" to the end player, or the "computer monitor.” 5. The group succeeds if the message whispered by the "computer keyboard" matches that of the message received by the "computer monitor." University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

8. HOW COMPUTERS WORK The basic parts of a computer are the central processing unit (CPU), memory, a keyboard or other input device, and a screen or other output device. How does a computer add or subtract and how can its memory remember the answers it computes? A computer does not have a human brain inside but acts in many ways as though it does have a real one. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

9. HOW COMPUTERS WORK However, while we understand human language, the computer can understand machine language. When a person types on the computer's keyboard, the human brain identifies the letters, numbers, and characters combined to create words and sentences. But the computer does not recognize letters as letters of the alphabet; it sees the letters as a series of o's and I's called the binary language. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

10. COMPUTER NUMBER SYSTEMS Humans use the decimal number system—to count, measure, and compute. The decimal number system has ten digits, such as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. A computer, on the other hand, can only understand two digits—a 0 and a 1. These two numbers play an important role in the way computers communicate with one another. This type of number system is called the binary number system, with the prefix bi, which means 2. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

11. There are other types of number systems, such as the octal number system (from the prefix octa , meaning it uses 8 digits) and the hexadecimal number system ( hexa means 6; deci means 10; meaning it uses 16 digits to represent its values). However, these special number systems are merely a way to bridge the computer’s binary language to a somewhat understandable human (decimal) language since computer data can be complicated. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

12. EQUIVALENT NUMBER SYSTEMS VALUES DECIMAL BINARY OCTAL HEXADECIMAL 0000 000 1 0001 001 1 2 0010 002 2 3 0011 003 3 4 0100 004 4 5 0101 005 5 6 0110 006 6 7 0111 007 7 8 1000 010 8 9 1001 011 9 10 1010 012 A 11 1011 013 B 12 1100 014 C 13 1101 015 D 14 1110 016 E 15 1111 017 F University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

13. HOW COMPUTERS INTERPRET DATA With the different types of number systems, it is important to understand how computers interpret the letters on the keyboard through a series of o's and I's. This is normally done through the number system conversion. Depending on the standard used, computer systems convert characters from the keyboard and later display them on the monitor. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

14. Refer to the following steps: l. From the keyboard, pressure pads are typically found underneath each key. Upon typing a letter, the pressure pad sends information to the CPU for processing. 2. The information is then transmitted in the form of 0's and 1’s using the ASCII code. 3. The CPU determines what character has been typed and sends the information to the computer monitor, again in 0's and I’s. 4. The monitor displays the information in its equivalent character, this time readable and understandable by humans. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

15. Majority of computer systems use the American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) for converting characters into o's and 1’s. The ASCII code is a 7-bit code used to represent letters, numbers, and basic special characters. The uppercase character 'A' as seen on the left is represented in ASCII as 0100 0001 in binary, 101 in octal, or 41 in hexadecimal system. Next slide is a table showing the ASCII printable characters (as seen in your keyboard) represented in decimal (Dec), hexadecimal ( Hx ), and octal (Oct) formats. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

16. Notice how the characters are represented in decimal, Octal, and hexadecimal formats. Computer programmers create Programs so that computers can do specific tasks. People who write programs are programmers. Depending on the skills set of the programmer, a program can be developed based on the Programming language the programmer is familiar with. Another term used for a program is codes. Writing programs is called programming or coding. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

17. However, looking at a long string of o's and I’s (binary format) might be considered too confusing for the programmer, causing errors during coding. Take a look at the word "computer, in binary code as seen by a computer: 01110100 01100101 01110010 01110000 01110101 01110100 01100101 01110010 University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

18. A bit hard to read, right? The programmer might miss out on a few digits while creating a program. Thus, to make it easier machine codes are made "more human" by making them readable and similar to the human language. This is identified with the different levels of programming languages which will be discussed later in this chapter. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

19. So how does the computer know that 01101101 01110000 01110101 01110100 01100101 01110010 is the same as the word "computer"? Each character is converted from the ASCII table's hexadecimal, octal, or decimal presentation into binary language. For example, the letter 'c' is equivalent to 63 in hexadecimal which when converted into binary is equal to 0110 0011. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

20. Notice how the computer uses different ways to connect to certain devices. The computer monitor uses a wire to connect to the computer unit while the mouse wirelessly connects to the laptop, etc. Depending on the situation, computers use different connection methods to do their tasks. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

21. SYSTEM BUS A computer system, on its own, communicates through what is called a system bus. A system bus is a pathway composed of cables and connectors used to carry data from a computer's peripheral devices—monitor, keyboard, mouse, etc.—to the CPU and the main memory. There are three types of buses: the data bus, address bus, and control bus. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

22. Simplified diagram of a computer system implemented with a single system bus. This modular organization was popular in the 1970s and 1980s. For example, how does the computer know that the printer needs more ink? How does the mouse cursor move along with the actual mouse? And how does the speaker produce sound in time with the video displayed on the monitor? University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

23. DATA BUS A data bus can transfer data to and from the memory of a computer, or into or out of the CPU. Examples of pieces of Information that traverse the data bus include files transferred from a flash drive to the computer's hard drive and a document sent to the printer for printing. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

24. ADDRESS BUS The address bus is used by the CPU to specify a physical address for instructions, files, and other devices within the computer system. For example, in a given computer unit, there are typically 6 to 8 USB ports. The address bus is responsible for checking which of the USB ports has a printer connected to it along with the mouse, keyboard, speakers, and, sometimes, even external drives. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

25. CONTROL BUS A control bus is used by CPUs to communicate with other devices within the computer system. As the address bus carries the location of the data being sent and the data bus carries the actual data being processed, the control bus carries the commands or instructions from the CPU. It also sends status signals from the devices, identifying if it is ready or not. The typical read/write commands are identified through the control bus. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

26. For example, if one tries to save a file to a flash drive that is already removed from the computer, the computer will notify the user with an error message saying that the folder or drive where the file is intended to be saved is no longer existing. This is because the original destination or location can no longer be sent through the address bus because of the disconnection. Therefore, the CPU sends a halt instruction via the control bus, stopping the data to be sent through the data bus, often seen as an error message prompt. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

27. The amount of data sent throughout the system bus depends on the size of the bus. Latest computer systems use a 64-bit bus; however, the majority still use a 32-bit computing size for their computer systems. Take note, however, that the mentioned computing size is on a hardware level. Having an operating system or software application that is 32-bit or 64-bit is different. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

28. Again the hardware is different from the software. It is advised that if your computer hardware uses a 32-bit bus (hardware), use only software programs running 32-bits. This is to avoid the hardware from overheating. Imagine a 32-bit bus computer working double time to make up for the excess 32-bits from a 64-bit application software. A 64-bit bus, on the other hand, can process either a 32-bit or a 64-bit software application. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

29. HOW COMPUTERS CONNECT TO OTHER COMPUTERS The next step in knowing how a computer is able to connect to other devices is to understand how a computer connects to another computer. Earlier, computer peripherals using wired or wireless connections are mentioned. It is also similar when a computer wants to connect to another computer—with or without wires. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

30. COMPUTER NETWORK SYSTEMS Computers are able to communicate with one another over networks. A computer network is an interconnection of two or more computers. This interconnection gives these computers the capability to share information and resources. There are several types of networks, mostly depending on the number of computers in it, how they are used, and what type of technology is used in its connectivity. Below are some of the computer network systems: University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

31. • Personal area network (PAN ) — is a type of connection which is often limited to an individual person and his or her personal devices. Normally, these devices must be within the range of 10 meters with each other. For example, a person traveling with a laptop, a smartphone, and a portable printer could interconnect the devices without having to plug anything in, using some form of wireless technology. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

32. • Local area network (LAN) - is a connection in which group of computers and other devices, such as network printers, share a common communications line within a certain area such as a building or a small campus. LANs are often found in schools and offices to secure the organization's information. This is done through a computer server in which user's access may be restricted to avoid unwanted users. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

33. For example, some schools use LANs within their campuses so that students can connect to the internet to do online research. Students are required to login their information (such as their student ID) to connect to the internet. However, through the school's campus server, restrictions to sites such as online games, pornographic materials, and the like are implemented. This means that students will not be able to access these websites inside the campus. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

34. • Wide area network (WAN) — may be less restrictive than LAN as rules and policies may differ within its coverage. A WAN may be made of several LANs and PANs. A WAN can also be made up of several more WANs. This is why WAN is considered synonymous to the internet. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

35. Methods of Communication There are many different types of connection media that are used in contemporary society to connect computer networks to one another. Connections are often categorized generally into two—wired communication and wireless communication. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

36. Wired communication Different types of cables are used to connect to a given network. There are coaxial cables, fiber-optic cables, Ethernet cables, and traditional telephone lines. These will be discussed at length in later chapters. This chapter focuses on a stand- alone computer system and the types of wired connections that are available. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

37. Computer systems have different connections which usually depend on the motherboard's form factor. Popular wired connections nowadays include the following: University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

38. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

39. Older computer units have connections that include the following: University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

40. Wireless communication Wireless communications include transmission, satellite communication, cellular transmission, and radio transmission such as Wi-Fi connectivity. Wireless technologies differ hugely from one another, but the most popular types are Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), a professional technical association with members all across the globe, identified standard 802.11 for Wi-Fi and 802.15 for Bluetooth in the wireless standards. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

41. Wi-Fi Wi-Fi uses radio waves to wirelessly transmit information across a network. Wi-Fi's signals are transmitted in frequencies of between 2.5 and 5 gigahertz (GHz), which are higher than radio and TV signals to avoid interference. Wi-Fi is often used in schools, companies, and business establishments, among others. This is to provide network connections to multiple users without the need for cables. Majority of Wi-Fi users use mobile devices, such as tablets, laptops, and smartphones to connect via an access point or Wi-Fi hotspot. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

42. Bluetooth Bluetooth uses radio waves to connect to other devices. The connection via Bluetooth is called pairing. Once paired, devices are able to send and receive information provided they are within a given range which is typically 10 meters. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

43. How Humans Communicate with Computers Reading a long string of o's and 1’s can be very confusing and taxing. As such, people who invented the computer identified two areas in computer systems—computer hardware and computer software. Through computer software, humans are able to "communicate" with the computer. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

44. COMPUTER SOFTWARE The computer software is a combination of instructions, data, and programs that the computer needs in order to do a specific task. Another term used for computer software is Computer programs . Everything the computer does can basically be controlled through these programs. Programs are a set of codes or instructions which are usually designed or written by computer programmers using a specific programming language. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

45. The most common type of programming language used by programmers is called object-oriented programming . Language includes Microsoft's C# (pronounced as 'see-sharp'), Sun Microsystem's Java, and an open-source programming language, PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor). University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

46. Programmers have developed two types of computer software—the system software and application software. People might be more familiar with the application software as most of the day-to-day tasks done in front of a computer involve the use of application programs (e.g., typing a school assignment using Microsoft Word, editing a photo using Adobe Photoshop, browsing through Facebook using Google Chrome, or listening to music using Apple's iTunes). University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

47. The system software also called an operating system (OS) is the most important software running on a computer since it manages the computer's memory and instructions and has the ability to control all the connected hardware and installed software applications. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

48. The OS allows a person to interact with the computer—from the hardware components and peripherals to all the installed software applications and files one has stored on the computer. The interaction can occur in two ways: 1. By using a command-line operating system (e.g., DOS) in which the computer responds according to the text command that is typed 2. With a graphical user interface (GUI) operating system (e.g., Windows) such as pictures and buttons through mouse clicks and keyboard entries University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

49. SYSTEM PLATFORMS Desktop systems differ from mobile systems in terms of how each platform treats the application software installed in the system. A desktop or a laptop computer usually needs an application program to run a certain application on it, or possibly, multiple ones at the same time. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

50. A typical example is that of a web browser capable of running multiple web sites with different "applications" all at the same time. In this scenario, Google Chrome is open as the user waits for an email from a friend via Gmail, while another browser tab has YouTube open as he or she watches video tutorials. Another browser tab with Wikipedia open is possible as the user is also researching on different computer peripherals. All of these websites are accessed using a single web browser. A web browser is considered to be an application software. However, this scenario is typically played within a desktop platform. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

51. With today's trend leaning towards mobility, more and more mobile devices are now capable of doing things which typical desktop computers can do. This is why companies that develop smartphones, for example, have identified specific system software and application software for these mobile devices (Hope, 2017). Using a smartphone in accessing the same websites is a different experience. Instead of using a web browser to access all three web sites, mobile applications are used. Mobile applications have the capacity to run directly on top of the operating system without using web browsers. Facebook, YouTube, and Gmail are typical examples of desktop applications that have mobile counterparts. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

52. SYSTEM SOFTWARE Two of the most popular desktop system software or OS nowadays are Microsoft's Windows and Apple's macOS . In mobile devices, Apple uses iOS for their devices' system software. But while Microsoft is also using Windows for their mobile devices' operating system, it is not the leading mobile OS in the world, compared to its desktop counterpart. According to the International Data Corporation (IDC), the most popular mobile operating system as of 2016 is Android OS, acquiring 85% of the global market (IDC, 2017). University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

53. Smartphone OS Market Share Chart University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

54. Applications Software The table below identifies the different types of application programs and their corresponding software that are available in the market. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

55. Different Types of Application Programs University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

56. ONLINE APPLICATIONS SOFTWARE As previously discussed, application software consists of programs that are designed to perform specific tasks for users. Specific application software products, called software packages, are available from different vendors. Usually, these software packages cost money although a lot of application software is now being made available for free. Often called shareware, freeware, or public-domain software, this software can be downloaded for free but usually with fewer capabilities compared to the ones sold. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

57. As such, online application software is now introduced with the improved internet speed being made available to consumers. There are various products available including software tools that were previously identified only as computer applications. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

58. Office productivity tools such as Microsoft Office Suite were only available offline, but now, Microsoft has developed Microsoft Office 365 which has been made available to students and teachers for free via their Office 365 Education. Numerous web and mobile applications are also made available to users which oftentimes feature the same functionalities as the offline version. Google introduced its online applications capable of doing the same thing as Microsoft's Office Suite. Google Docs, Google Sheets, and Google Slides are the online counterparts of MS Word, Excel, and PowerPoint, respectively. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

59. Other online productivity tools are also available for organizations, such as data collection and analysis, especially for those in the marketing industry. PCMag.com has listed down available online survey engines for 2017 and analyzed the top contenders. Included in the list are Zoho Survey, Survey Gizmo, Campaign Monitor GetFeedback , Checkbox Survey, Fluid Surveys, SurveyMonkey, WorldApp KeySurvey , Outside Software eSurveysPro , SoGoSurvey , and SurveyP1anet. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

60. Survey Gizmo is the Editors' Choice getting a 4.5 rating and is said to be best for small to midsize businesses (Schindler, 2017). Not only can an organization easily disseminate its survey questions to its clients but data trends and analysis are also automatically done by the tool, providing faster results. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

61. Tomsguide.com has also listed down several popular applications available in the App store and Google Play that can increase productivity, improve efficiency, and provide convenience. Below are just some of the apps on their list: 1. Any.do — a scheduler and reminder notification app 2. Microsoft Office Word, Excel, and PowerPoint — available for free download in both Android and iOS University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

62. 3. WPS Office — another office productivity suite that does the same as Microsoft's Word, Excel, and PowerPoint 4. Adobe Acrobat Reader — a PDF reader and annotation app which lets you view and sign PDF forms for reading emails, managing University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

63. 5. Microsoft Outlook contacts, and calendar 6. Newton Mail — for accessing all email accounts in one "unified inbox" 7. Forge — a mobile drawing app that allows the user to create sketches and edit photos Lastly, people who have no IT background can now create their own blogs and websites through online tools which provide web hosting and web content management. They do not need to learn programming languages, although some knowledge in programming will be an advantage to further customize the web layout. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

64. Wix.com and WordPress.com are two of the most popular website creation tools available online. Both tools offer blogging and website content management system (CMS). Users do not need to be programmers due to the simple and easy-to-use design of the CMS. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

65. Comparison between WordPress and Wix Application for Web Development University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

66.   How Computers Impact Everyday Life The advent of technologies specifically the development of information and communications technology has changed the lives of people. Computers, for example, permeate everyday life as they are used in various fields—in schools, malls, and hospitals, among others. The following areas show how computers have made such an impact. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

67. EDUCATION Today, most elementary and secondary schools (public and private) and higher education institutions (HEIs) have computers in their classrooms. ICT in general has made things convenient and efficient for teachers, students, researchers, and school administrators. With the use of computers, teachers can do research and enhance their teaching materials. They can join online forums and conferences and gain new ideas and learn from the latest research findings and trends. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

68. Students use computers with internet access as one of their reference tools. They can communicate and collaborate with their peers while working in their own homes. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

69. School administrators use computers for administrative work to ensure that the entire operation of the school runs proficiently. An access to all school documents is made easy and always available with the use of a so-called server. Electronic learning (e-learning) is the newest teaching methodology in which students and teachers can communicate and collaborate with each other through online discussion of their lessons, activities, and examinations. Such examples are Blackboard, Edmodo, Moodle, etc. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

70. Banking The computer has made all banking transactions around the world easier and more secure. It manipulates the entire banking system as it includes 24-hour electronic banking services. The services include: Automated teller machine (ATM) Cheque deposit Electronic fund transfer Direct deposit Pay by phone system Personal computer banking/ internet banking University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

71. WORKFORCE INDUSTRY Workers, researchers, and administrators benefit from ICT. Computers are used to expedite production planning and control systems, to support chain management, and to facilitate product design in the industrial sector. Machines that are fully computer-operated are now used. Researchers use computers to gather and analyze data for hypothetical reference while administrators use computers to manage the entire operations of the plant or factory to detect or anticipate explicit errors or deficiencies that transpire in the process. Some of the large industrial companies that implement ICT include Toyota Philippines, Honda Philippines, and San Miguel Corporation. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

72. Computer-operated machines University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

73. Electronic Commerce Electronic commerce or simply e-commerce helps with computers, internet, and shared software as the main tools needed, buying and selling activities are made easier, more efficient, and faster. Customers, sellers, and suppliers all benefit from the capabilities of ICT. Some of the known e-commerce markets are Zalora , Lazada , Shopee , Metrodeal , Takatack , Amazon, OLX.ph, AirBnB , Booking.com, Agoda.com, and many others. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

74. Customers or clients use computers to communicate with sellers. This method can save time and cost as consumers do not have to go physically to any outlets or department stores. Suppliers, on the other hand, use computers in keeping track of their transactions which include the monitoring of inventory. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

75. Hospitals The use of computers in hospitals offers many benefits to both doctors and patients. Hospitals are creating patients' databases of health records, treatment records, and medical records. Also, with the help of ICT, doctors use computers and various medical applications not only for research advancement but also for faster diagnosis of patients' illnesses. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

76. Hospitals Through computing and monitoring technologies, tests administered in hospitals such as blood test, urine test, brain testing, ultrasound, echocardiography complete blood count (CBC), mammography, bone density study, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-rays, and body scanning, among others are made possible. With the development of databases and other applications, ICTs prevent medical errors in particular and improve the efficiency of the health system Ill general. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

77. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners "Computers are transforming society. Time is collapsing. Distance is no longer an obstacle. Crossing oceans takes only a mouse click."

78. CHAPTER KEY POINTS The computer understands machine language, but it does not recognize letters as letters of the alphabet. It sees letters as a series of o's and 1’s called binary language. Computers understand one another through the binary number system which represents numbers with 2 as its base and uses only the digits 0 and 1. Other number systems are octal number system and hexadecimal number system. Computers use different connection methods (e.g., system bus, data bus, address bus, and control bus) to do their tasks. Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

79. CHAPTER KEY POINTS A computer network is an interconnection of two or more computers that gives these computers the capability to share information and resources. Some of the computer network systems are personal area network (PAN), local area network (LAN), and wide area network (WAN). Computer network connections are categorized into wired communication and wireless communication. The computer software is a combination of instructions, data, and programs that the computer needs in order to do a specific task. Through computer software, humans are able to "communicate" with computers. As computers permeate everyday life, they have made an impact to education, banking, workforce industry, electronic commerce, and hospitals, among others. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners

80. University of Eastern Philippines COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Molding Characters, Producing Life Winners