CHAPTER-2-DILEMMA_092719.uggtggfhhhfgggh

Report in understanding of self

1. Dilemma and Foundation of Morality

2. Dilemma a situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two or more alternatives, especially undesirable ones

3. Types of Dilemma Classic Dilemma There are conflicting criteria for the same behavior. While the blend may be difficult, it is essential. Each side of the dilemma is valuable only because of the other side. Attempts to live only under one side of the dilemma are fatally flawed.

4. Order /\ Freedom (Arrangement or Power of right) Empowerment /\ Alignment ( Authority or power given or Correct positioning)

5. Temporal Dilemma A special case of a classic dilemma occurs with an activity which is complex enough to be a work process or a project. Often there are criteria dominant in the early part of the process that conflict with criteria that become dominant in a later point. For example, accuracy of information taken during the sales cycle is essential for the timely processing of the order.

6. Innovation /\ Manufacturability (New method or Fabricate (given designs) Speed (customer satisfaction) /\ Accuracy (process integrity) (Fast but more on error or Slow but to avoid errors)

7. Orthogonal Dilemmas There are two different sets of behaviors that seem diametrically opposed. They generate different cultures, different structures, different staffing. While there may be a hybrid that is preferable, the blending is optional; a company could be viable exploiting just one half of the dilemma.

8. Centralization /\ Decentralization (small group of people makes all decision or decision making from authority to lower levels) Service Orientation /\ Product Orientation (Consumers needs or Quality of Product)

9. Sequential Dilemmas Different behaviors which conflict with each other, but the most likely solution is to sequence them appropriately; the tension in the dilemma eventually becomes one of relative emphasis, timing, and transitioning.

10. Performance /\ Development (end result or attainment of skills & knowledge) Work /\ Home ( collaboration or balanced work-life) (It is actually important to keep these last two separate. "Bringing work home" or "marrying a co-worker " would not necessarily be a resolution .

11. Key strategic for Sequential Dilemmas

12. Proportion of time to spend each other  the relation of one part to another or to the whole with respect to magnitude, quantity, or degree : ratio.

13. Sequencing of the activities through transitioning the process of identifying and scheduling the individual activities that make up a project

14. Unequal dilemma Sometimes a person in authority will assert one side of a dilemma. For example, the CEO announces that the company will commit to high growth rates, severe cost cutting, or product innovation. And he or she ignores the corresponding position at that defines a dilemma:

15. High growth /\  Organization integrity Fiscal stability through cost cutting /\  Preserving capability (increase interest rate or ethical obligation) Product innovation /\  Support for existing product lines

16. Moral foundation theory argues that there are five basic moral foundations: Harm/care Fairness/reciprocity, In-group/loyalty Authority/respect Purity/sanctity These five (5) foundations comprise the building blocks of morality, regardless of the culture.

17. Harm/Care: Value of kindness, Gentleness, and nurturance. We have an ability to care for and be attached to others. We also have ability to feel and dislike the pain of others.

18. Fairness/ Reciprocity: This foundation is related to the evolutionary process of reciprocal altruism. It underlines the virtues of justice and rights

19. Ingroup /Loyalty: This foundation is related to our long history as tribal creatures able to form shifting coalitions. It is active anytime people feel that it’s “one for all and all for one” It underlines the virtues of patriotism and self-sacrifice for the group.

20. Authority/Respect: This foundation was shaped by our long primate history of hierarchical social interactions. It underlies virtues of leadership and fellowship, including deference to prestigious authority figures and respect for traditions.

21. Purity/Sanctity: this foundation was shaped by the psychology of disgust and contamination. It underlies nations of striving to live in an elevated, less carnal, more noble, and more natural way (often present in religious narratives). This foundation underlies the widespread idea that the body is a temple that can be desecrated by immoral activities and contaminants (an idea not unique to religious traditions). It underlies the virtues of self-discipline, self-improvement, naturalness, and spiritually .

22. *To keep society from falling apart. *To ameliorate human suffering. *To promote human flourishing. *To resolve conflicts of interest in just and orderly ways. *To assign praise and blame, reward the good and punish guilty. Purpose of Foundation of Morality

23. *To keep society from falling apart. *To ameliorate human suffering. *To promote human flourishing. *To resolve conflicts of interest in just and orderly ways. *To assign praise and blame, reward the good and punish guilty. Purpose of Foundation of Morality

24. The Roles of Freedom, Reason ,and Impartiality in morality

25. Freedom: Freedom refers to the ability to make choices based on one’s own will. It’s the cornerstone of moral responsibility. If a person isn’t free to make a choice, then it’s difficult to hold them morally accountable for that choice.

26. Reason: Reason is what allows us to discern right from wrong and to make moral judgments. It’s the faculty that enables us to evaluate actions, intentions, and outcomes.

27. Impartiality: Impartiality in morality means treating all individuals with equal consideration. It involves setting aside personal biases and prejudices in making moral judgments.