Chapter 2 - Types of Computer Networks-converted e.pptx

network

1. Lesson 2 Types of Computer Networks

2. Computer Networks Co m p ut e r ne twor k co n n e ct s t w o or more autonomous computers. The c ompu t e rs ca n be geographically located anywhere.

3. PAN, LAN, MAN & WAN  Network in small geographical Area (Room) is called PAN (Personal Area Network)  Network in small geographical Area (Room, Building or a Campus) is called LAN (Local Area Network)  Network in a City is call MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)  Network spread geographically (Country or across Globe) is called WAN (Wide Area Network)

4. Applications of Networks Resource Sharing Hardware (computing resources, disks, printers) Software (application software) Information Sharing Easy accessibility from anywhere (files, databases) Search Capability (WWW) Communication Email Message broadcast Remote computing Distributed processing (GRID Computing)

5. P AN

6. Personal Area Networks (PAN)  A personal area network — PAN is a personal devices network equipped at a limited area. PAN ordinary has such mobile devices: cell phone, tablet, laptop. That type of network could also be wirelessly connected to Internet.  A personal area network handles the interconnection of IT devices at the surrounding of a single user. Generally, PAN contains from following such appliances: cordless mice and keyboards, cordless phone, Bluetooth.

7. Advantages of PAN  No need of extra cable and wire  Used in office, conference, and meetings  It is used in TV remotes, AC remotes, etc.  Data can Synchronize between different devices  Connect to many devices at a time

8. Advantages of PAN  No extra space requires  Affordable Cost  Portable  Easy to use  Reliable  Secure

9. Disadvantages of PAN  PAN can be operated in less range of areas  Can only be used for personal area  Slow data transfer  Interfere with radio signals  Infrared signals travel only in a straight line

10. Personal Area Networks (PAN)

11. LAN

12. Local Area Networks (LANs) Local Area Networks are privately-owned networks within a small area, usually a single building or campus of up to a few kilometers. Since it is restricted in size, that means their data transmission time can be known in advance, and the network management would be easier.

13. Co s t r e d u ction s t h r o u g h shar i n g o f infor m atio n and databases, resources and network services. diff er e n t bet w een I n cr e a s e d i n fo r mati o n e xc ha n g e b e t ween departments in an organization, or individuals. Motivations for Local Area Networking The growing demand for local area networks is due to technical, economic and organizational factors:

14. The t r en d t o au t o m a t e c ommun ic at i o n and manufacturing process. Improve the community security. I n cr e a s i n g n um b e r a n d v a ri e t y of inte l l i g e n t d at a terminals, PCs and workstations. Motivations for Local Area Networking

15. Local Area Networks (LANS) …

16. Local Area Networks (LANS) …

17. Transmission Technology used in LANs  local area networks use either Wi-Fi or Ethernet to connect computer and devices in a network.  A typical Wi-Fi LAN operates one or more wireless access points that devices within coverage area connect to. These access points, manage network traffic which is flowing to and from the connected devices. In our home, school, office’s LAN, wireless broadband routers perform the functions of an access point.

18. Transmission Technology used in LANs  A typical Ethernet LAN consisting of an ethernet cable to which all the machines are attached, like in our school labs, number of computers connected to each other through the common ethernet cable.  Though Ethernet and Wi-Fi are usually used in most home and office-based Local area networks, because of both the low cost and speed requirements, you can also set up a LAN with fiber optics which is more costly and provide better communication speed compared to Ethernet LAN or Wi-fi LAN.

19. LANS: Hardware Devices …  Network Interface Cards (NICs)  Repeaters  Bridges  Routers  Switches

20. MAN

21.  A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is a network that is utilized across multiple buildings  Commonly used in school campuses or large companies with multiple buildings  Is larger than a LAN, but smaller than a WAN  Is also used to mean the interconnection of several LANs by bridging them together. This sort of network is also referred to as a campus network Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs)

22. Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs)  A Metropolitan Area Network is a system of LAN s c o n necte d t hroug hout a cit y or ar e a. MA N s hav e the of using telecommunication a s v oice cha n ne l s o r data metr o politan requirement media such channels. offices through MANs. Examples  Bra n c h offices ar e c o n n ecte d t o head of organizations that use MANs are universities and colleges, grocery chains, and banks.

23. Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs)

24. W AN

25. Wide Area Networks (WANS) WANs connect LANs together between cities

26. Wide Area Networks (WANS) The main difference between a MAN and a WAN is that the WAN uses Long Distance Carriers. Otherwise the same protocols and equipment are used as a MAN.

27. Wide area network  A Wide Area Network is a network spanning a large geographical area of around several hundred miles to across the globe  May be privately owned or leased  Al s o cal l e d “ e n t e rp r i s e ne t work s ” if t h e y a r e privately owned by a large company

28. Wide area network  It can be leased through one or several carriers (ISPs- Internet Service Providers) such as AT&T, Sprint, Cable and Wireless  Can be connected through cable, fiber or satellite  Is typically slower and less reliable than a LAN  Services include internet, frame relay, ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode)

29. Advantages of WAN  Centralized infrastructure :  One of the main advantage of WAN is the that we do not need to maintain the backup and store data on local system as everything is stored online on a data center, from where we can access the data through WAN.  Privacy:  We can setup the WAN in such a way that it encrypts the data that we share online that way the data is secure and minimizes the risk of unauthorized access.

30. Advantages of WAN  Increased Bandwidth:  With the WAN we get to choose the bandwidth based on the need, a large organization can have larger bandwidth that can carry large amount of data faster and efficiently.  Area:  A WAN can cover a large area or even a whole world though internet connection thus we can connect with the person in another country through WAN which is not possible is other type of computer networks.

31. Disadvantages of WAN  Antivirus:  Since our systems are connected with the large amount of systems, there is possibility that we may unknowingly download the virus that can affect our system and become threat to our privacy and may lead to data loss.  Expensive:  Cost of installation is very high. Issue resolution: Issue resolution takes time as the WAN covers large area, it is really difficult to pin point the exact location where the issues raised and causing the problem.

32. Network Interconnection Components  Networks can be connected to each other through several components  Repeater  Bridge  Router