Chapter - 3, Synthetic Fibres and Plastics, Science, Class 8

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Chapter - 3, Synthetic Fibres and Plastics, Science, Class 8

FIBRES AND FABRICS
TYPES OF FIBRES
NATURAL FIBRES
SYNTHETIC FIBRES
RAYON
NYLON
POLYESTER
ACRYLIC
CHARACTERISTICS OF SYNTHETIC FIBRES
PLASTICS
TYPES OF PLASTICS
THERMOPLASTICS
THERMOSETTING PLASTICS
PROPERTIES OF PLASTICS
SOME USES OF PLASTICS
BIODEGRADABLE SUBSTANCES
NON - BIODEGRADABLE SUBSTANCES
PLASTICS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
PREVENTION OF PLASTICS
3 R PRINCIPLE

Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.

By Shivam Parmar (Entrepreneur)

1. CHAPTER-3
SYNTHETIC FIBRES
AND PLASTICS
BY SHIVAM PARMAR
(ENTREPRENEUR&TEACHER)

2. FIBRES AND FABRICS
The clothes are made
of fabrics. Fabrics are
made from fibres
obtained from natural
or artificial sources.
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3. TYPES OF FIBRES
1. NATURAL FIBRES:
These are obtained
from natural sources,
called natural
resources. Examples:
cotton, silk, wool, etc.
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4. 2. SYNTHETIC FIBRES
•These are man-made are called
man-made orsynthetic fibres.
Examples: rayon, nylon, acrylic,
etc.
•Synthetic fibres are made of small
units of chemicals joined
togetherin the form of large
chain. The formed chain is called
polymer.
•Polymer is a Greek word in which
‘poly’ means many and
‘mer’means units. So, a polymer
is made of many repeating units.
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5. TYPES OF SYNTHETIC FIBRES
1. RAYON
•Fibre is obtained by chemical treatment of wood
pulp. This fibre is called rayon or artificial silk.
•Rayon fibre can be made in different colours by
dyeing. Rayon is very cheap compared to silk.
•Rayon is mixed with cotton to make bed sheets or
mixed with wool to make carpets.
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6. 2. NYLON
•Nylon is man-made fibre. It was first fully
synthesized fibre.
•It is synthesized from coal, water and air.
•Cloths from nylon are very strong elastic
and light lustrous and easy to wash.
•Nylon is used for making clothes, ropes,
socks, curtains, sleeping bags, parachutes,
etc. The nylon fibre is stronger than a
steel wire.
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7. 3. POLYESTER
•Polyester (Poly + ester) is made
up of the repeating units of a
chemical called an ester.
•Polyester is a man made or
synthetic fibre. Fabric made
from this fibre does not get
wrinkled easily, remains crisp
and easy to wash. Example:
shirts, pants, jacket, bed sheets,
curtains, sarees, mouse-pad,
etc.
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8. •Acrylic is man-made or synthetic fibre. Acrylic resembles wool. It is also
called as artificial wool or synthetic wool. Acrylic is cheaper than natural
wool and can be made in various colours by dyeing.
•Clothes are made from acrylic are relatively cheaper than cloths are made
by wool.
•Acrylic is used in making sweaters, blanket, and other many clothes.
4. ACRYLIC FIBRE
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9. CHARACTERISTICS OF
SYNTHETIC FIBRES
•Synthetic fibres are
cheaper, stronger and
durable than natural fibre.
•It is easy to maintain, easy
to wash, dry up in less time
and readily available.
•Synthetic fibres possess
unique characteristics
which make them popular
dress materials.
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10. PLASTICS
•Plastic is also a polymer like the synthetic fibre.
•All plastics do not have the same arrangement of units.
•In some it is formed in linear, whereas in others it is
formed cross-linked.
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11. PLASTICS
Plastic can be recycled, reused,
coloured, melted, rolled into sheets
or made into wires. That is why it
finds such a variety of uses.
Types of Plastic:
Plastic can be divided into two main
types –
Thermoplastics and Thermosetting
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12. THERMOPLASTIC
•Such plastics which get
easily bent or deform on
heating are known as
thermoplastic.
•Examples of thermoplastics
are PVC and Polythene.
•It is used in making toys,
bottles, combs, containers,
etc.
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13. THERMOSETTING PLASTIC
•Such plastics which when mould
once, cannot be softened or
deformed by heating. These are
called thermosetting plastics
•Examples of thermosetting
plastics are Bakelite and
melamine.
•These plastics are used in making
electric switch, handles of
electrical appliances, handles of
kitchen utensils etc.
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14. PROPERTIES OF PLASTICS
•Plastic is non-reactive.
•Plastic is light, strong and
durable.
•Plastic is a poor conductor
of heat and electricity.
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15. SOME USES OF PLASTICS
•Plastics find extensive use in the health-
care industry. Plastics are used for the
packaging of tablets and medical
instruments.
•Teflon is a special plastic on which oil and
water do not stick. It is used for making
non-stick coating on cookingutensils.
•Fire-proof plastics: Synthetic fibre catches
fire easily. The uniforms of firemen have
coating of melamine plastic to make them
flame resistant.
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16. BIODEGRADABLE SUBSTANCE
•A substance which gets
decomposed through natural
processes, such as action by
bacteria, is called biodegradable.
•Examples: peels of vegetables, food
stuffs, fruit, paper, cotton cloths,
wood, etc.
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17. NON-BIODEGRADABLE
SUBSTANCE
•A substance which is not easily
decomposed or takes many
years to get decomposed by
natural processes is termed as
non-biodegradable.
•Examples: tin, aluminium,
plastics, etc.
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18. PLASTICS AND THE
ENVIRONMENT
•Plastic is a non-biodegradable
material.Due to non-biodegradable
property of plastic, it is a very major
problem for environment.
•Nowadays, plastic is very popular and
used it for many purposes. As a result, we
generate a large amount of plastic waste.
Since plastic has non-biodegradable
property, so plastic waste is getting
accumulated in the environment. It
causes environmental pollution.
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19. PREVENTION OF PLASTICS
•We should avoid the use of
plastics things as far as possible.
•Do not throw plastic bags in the
water bodies or on the road.
•The biodegradable and non
biodegradable wastes should be
collected separately and disposed
off separately.
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20. 3 R PRINCIPLE
1. Reduce:
We should reduce the use of plastic. Examples: We should use clothbag
for purchasing any things instead of using plastic bags.
2. Reuse:
We should reuse some plastic things and containers in our homes and
offices, For example: Empty plastic bottles and container should be
used for keeping other items in the home and kitchen.
3. Recycle:
Thermoplastic can be recycled. So, items made of thermoplastic should
be sent to the recycling industry. Examples: Toys, buckets, mugs etc.
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21. THANK YOU
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