chapter 6. the cadiac arrest.first aid pptx

first aid

1. Cardiac Arrest By: Afif Al Baalbaki , R.N. 24/ 1 /202 3

2. Objectives: 1- Identify cardiac arrest victims (adults, children and infants); 2- Perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR); 3- Safely use an automated external defibrillator (AED) on cardiac arrest victims (adults, children, and infants) while waiting for help.

3. Cardiac arrest Definition: When blood flow to the heart muscle is reduced, people experience chest pain (Angina). This reduced blood flow usually is caused by coronary heart disease. When the blood and oxygen supply to the heart is reduced, a heart attack may result.

4. signs and symptoms

5. Arrange the following in correct sequence Ensuring early defibrillation Encourage early medical action Quickly call for help Perform early CPR

6. Action Principle: The rescuer must perform a series of actions to ensure the victim’s survival.

7. cardiopulmonary resuscitation ( cpr )

8. Adult Chest Compressions Be in the middle of the chest to allow reaching the heart with the least damage possible to the ribs Compress the sternum by 5 to 6 cm in adults to allow the heart to pump the blood inside of it (increasing pressure inside the thorax moves the blood, generating artificial circulation) The frequency of the compressions must be between 100 and 120 per minute to ensure effective circulation, the frequency of chest compressions must be sufficient Release the thorax completely between compressions to allow the heart to fill up between compressions After every 30 chest compressions the rescuer must give the victim 2 rescue breaths.

9. Adult Rescue Breaths Be performed on unobstructed respiratory tracts to allow for the free passage of air into the victim’s lungs. Be performed without any air escaping so that rescue breaths are effective. Be slow and progressive to minimize passage of air into the victim’s stomach. Stop right when the victim’s chest begins to rise so that the volume of air breathed into the victim’s lungs is sufficient. Give 2 breaths in 5 seconds at the latest to be effective and to limit any prolonged interruption of chest compressions (the 2 consecutive rescue breaths must be done in under 5 seconds).

10. Child: Indicate that the actions to be performed on a child victim of cardiac arrest are the same as in the case of adults. Place the heel of one hand on the center of the chest Compress the sternum by one-third of its volume to allow the heart to pump the blood inside of it (increasing pressure inside the thorax moves the blood, generating artificial circulation)

11. Infant Chest Compressions Be in the middle of the chest to allow reaching the heart with the least damage possible to the ribs. Compress the sternum by one-third of its volume to allow the heart to pump the blood inside of it (increasing pressure inside the thorax moves the blood, generating artificial circulation). The frequency of the compressions must be between 100 and 120 per minute to ensure effective circulation, the frequency of chest compressions must be sufficient. Release the thorax completely between compressions to allow the heart to fill up between compressions.

12. Infant Rescue Breaths Be performed on unobstructed respiratory tracts to allow for the free passage of air into the victim’s lungs Be performed without any air escaping (mouth-to-mouth and nose) so that rescue breaths are effective Be slow and progressive to minimize passage of air into the victim’s stomach Stop right when the victim’s chest begins to rise so that the volume of air breathed into the victim’s lungs is sufficient Give 2 breaths in 5 seconds at the latest to be effective and to limit any prolonged interruption of chest compressions (the 2 consecutive rescue breaths must be done in under 5 seconds)

13. Automatic external defibrillator ( aed )

14. Definition of the AED: The AED is a device capable of: Analyzing the electrical activity of the victim’s heart; Detecting serious anomalies in the functioning of the heart leading to lack of circulation; Delivering or indicating to the rescuer that s/he should deliver an electric shock (vocal and visual information) in order to stop the irregular activity of the heart.

15. Using AED Defibrillation using an AED must be done as soon as possible : Only defibrillation allows the recovery of the heart’s normal electrical activity. The earlier it is performed, the more effective it can be. Interruptions must be avoided as much as possible while performing chest compressions : Any interruption of chest compressions lowers the victim’s chances of survival. The operator must respect the device’s instructions : To allow the device to analyze the victim’s cardiac rhythm and to safely deliver the electric shock.

16. Questions???

17. Questions: 1- What are the actions to be taken when faced with an adult, child or infant victim of cardiac arrest? 2- What are the key points regarding chest compressions? 3- What are the key points regarding rescue breaths? 4- What are the key points regarding the AED?