Chapter-III.pptxsciencetechnologyandsociety

ppt presentation

1. CHAPTER III Science, Technology and Nation-Building

2. The development of science and technology in the Philippines has already come a long way. Many significant inventions and discoveries have been accomplished by or attributed to Filipinos. This chapter tackles how the development of science and technology affect the development of the Philippines as a nation. Science, Technology and Nation-Building

3. Even before the Spaniards came to the Philippine island, early Filipino settlers were already using certain plants and herbs as medicines. Systems of farming and animal-raising were also implemented. Moreover, early Filipinos had also developed different modes of transportation, whether terrestrial or maritime PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD

4. A complicated engineering feat was achieved by the natives of the Cordilleras when they built rice terraces by hand. Through these terraces, the people were able to cultivate crops on the mountainsides in cold temperatures. The rice terraces of the Cordilleras, which are still functional, show the innovative and ingenious way of the natives to survive in an otherwise unfriendly environment. PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD

5. PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD Figure 25. Usage of herbs – Pre-Spanish era ( www.spot.ph ) Figure 26. Banaue Rice Terraces (www.worldatlas.com)

6. COLONIAL PERIOD Colonization by the Spaniards provided the Philippines with modern means of construction. Walls, roads, bridges, and other large infrastructure were built using some of the engineering skills and tools brought by the Spaniards. In addition, the Spanish Government developed health and education systems that were enjoyed by the principalia class.

7. COLONIAL PERIOD Establishment of formal education and creation of scientific organizations. Schools were mandated to teach religion, mathematics, reading and writing, and music and arts. Health and sanitation were also taught to locals.

8. COLONIAL PERIOD Innovative approaches on farming. Medicine and biology were given focused. Focused on engineering: construction of buildings, churches, bridges, roads and forts Trade was prioritized due to possible bigger profits.

9. COLONIAL PERIOD Figure 27. University of Santo Tomas ( www.rappler.com )   Figure 28. Religion was taught ( thefirst.website )  

10. COLONIAL PERIOD The American occupation modernized almost all aspects of life in the Philippines. For example, the former Laboratorio Municipal was replaced by the Bureau of Government Laboratories under the United State Department of Interior. The Bureau was established for the purpose of studying tropical diseases and pursuing other related research projects .

11. COLONIAL PERIOD Eventually in 1905 , the Bureau was changed to Bureau of Science , which became the main research center of the Philippines. In 1946 , the Bureau of Science was replaced by the Institute of Science.

12. COLONIAL PERIOD In 1933, the National Research Council of the Philippines was established. Developments in science and technology during the American regime were focused on agriculture, medicine and pharmacy, food processing and forestry.

13. COLONIAL PERIOD When the American came, institution for science and technology were reorganized as well. Laboratorio Municipal Bureau of Government Laboratories purpose of studying tropical diseases and other related research projects. Bureau of Science (1905) main research center of the Philippines. Institute of Science.( 1946)

14. COLONIAL PERIOD In 1933, the National Research Council of the Philippines was established. American Regime were focused on agriculture, medicine and pharmacy, food processing and forestry.

15. COLONIAL PERIOD Figure 29. Bureau of Science ( www.pinterest.com ) Figure 30. Medicine (histclo.com)

16. POST-COLONIAL PERIOD After achieving independence from the colonizers, the Philippines under different administrations, continued to pursue programs in science and technology. Each leadership had its own science and technology agenda. However it is important to note that some Philippine presidents posted more developments in the field than others.

17. POST-COLONIAL PERIOD President Ferdinand Marcos A big chunk of the war damage fund from the Japanese was donated for private universities and colleges for the creation of courses related to S&T and to promote research. The 35-hectare lot in Bicutan, Taguig, Rizal was proclaimed in 1968 as the Philippine Science Community now the site of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) .

18. POST-COLONIAL PERIOD The Philippine Coconut Research Institute (PHILCORIN) , was tasked to promote the modernization of coconut industry.

19. POST-COLONIAL PERIOD Agencies and Organization were then established Philippine Textile Research Institute Philippine Atomic Energy Commission (now the Philippine Nuclear Institute) National Grains Authority (now National Food Authority), Philippine Council for Agricultural Research (now the Philippine council for Agriculture, Aquatic and National Resources Research and Development),

20. POST-COLONIAL PERIOD Agencies and Organization were then established Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) Philippine National Oil Company Plant Breeding Institute International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)

21. POST-COLONIAL PERIOD Agencies and Organization were then established Bureau of Plant Industry Bureau of Forest Products National Committee on Geological Sciences National Science Development Board (NSDB) National Science and Technology Authority (NSTA) 1981

22. POST-COLONIAL PERIOD IN 1976, Marcos established the National Academy of Science and technology (NAST) to be the reservoir of scientific and technological expertise in the country. Mindanao and Visayas campuses of the Philippine Science High School were built and operated.

23. POST-COLONIAL PERIOD Figure 31. Department of Science and Technology (DOST) (commons.wikimedia.org) Figure 32. Research on coconut (agriculture.com.ph) Figure 33. NAST (nast.ph)

24. POST-COLONIAL PERIOD President Corazon Aquino (1986) National Science and Technology Authority → replaced to Department of Science and Technology (DOST) for S&T The Science and Technology Master Plan Aimed to update the production sector, improve research activities, and develop infrastructure used for S&T.

25. POST-COLONIAL PERIOD President Fidel V. Ramos (1987) 3,000 competent scientists and engineers "Doctors to the Barrio Program” brought an improvement of life expectancy from 67.5 years to 69.1 years between 1992 to 1995. National Program for Gifted Filipino Children in Science and Technology created for high school students who wanted to major in science and engineering in college.

26. POST-COLONIAL PERIOD President Fidel V. Ramos (1987) Republic Act (RA) No. 8439: Magna Carta for S&T Personnel; RA No. 7687: S&T Scholarship Law of 1994; RA No. 7459: Inventors and Inventions Incentives Act; RA No. 8293: The Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines.

27. POST-COLONIAL PERIOD President Fidel V. Ramos (1987) Figure 34. “The Doctor’s to the Barrio (e.n.wikipedia.org)

28. POST-COLONIAL PERIOD President Joseph E. Estrada RA No. 8749: The Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 RA No. 8792: Electronic Commerce Act of 2000 He also laid down a 15-year modernization program of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.

29. POST-COLONIAL PERIOD President Joseph E. Estrada Figure 35. (pesoreserve.com) Modernization of the Philippine Armed Forces by Pres. Joseph E. Estrada (pt.wikipedia.org)

30. POST-COLONIAL PERIOD President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo Science, Technology and Innovations (STI) was developed to strengthen the educational system and to address poverty. " Filipinnovation “ Philippines as an innovation hub in Asia

31. POST-COLONIAL PERIOD President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo RA No. 9367: "Biofuels" Act -to utilize indigenous materials as source of energy while having cleaner emissions. RA No. 10601: Agriculture and Fisheries Sector through Mechanization ( AFMech ) -aimed to modernize agricultural and fisheries machinery and equipment.

32. POST-COLONIAL PERIOD President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo Figure 36: Filipinnovation

33. POST-COLONIAL PERIOD President Benigno Aquino III (2014 ) Gavino C. Trono , for Marine Biology, who studied seaweed species Angel C. Alcala, for Biological Sciences, who pioneered on coral reefs Ramon C. Barba, for Horticulture, who changed the seasonal supply of mangoes Edgardo D. Gomez, for Marine Biology, who spearheaded the assessment of damaged coral reefs and their conservation

34. POST-COLONIAL PERIOD President Duterte , Rodrigo R. (2017) The Philippines has the Philippine Space Technology Program which launched Diwata-2 in 2018 after the launch of Diwata-1 that displayed the Philippine flag in space.

35. Besides space technology, the administration also gives importance to agriculture and disaster preparedness.

36. Assignment: Research for the contribution of current administration in the field of science and technology.