Chapters 9 Intro to Life Science.ppt. Life x

Earth and Life

1. L What is L I F E

2. Life Science Introduction

3. Objectives Recognize the common theme of living organisms. Trace how energy is passed in the environment for organisms to survive. Value life by taking good care of all organisms

4. Activity Together , identify the difference of living and non-living. Your task is to mark the boxes that correctly describes the each matter given. At the end of the paper, identify the distinctive characteristics of living matter from those non-living.

5. Activity Tree Rock Human Water Has cells Houses energy Converts energy to do work Maintains internal conditions Able to produce offspring Passes genes

6. Recall the Geologic Time Scale… Precambrian Hadean (earth) Archean (bacteria) Proterozoic (cyanobacteria) Phanerozoic Paleozoic (invertebrate – vertebrate – land plants – amphibians – reptiles) Mesozoic (dinosaurs) Cenozoic (mammals)

7. Origin of Life

8. Miller –Urey experiment replicated early Earth condition Stanley Miller (American Chemist) and Harold Urey (provided proof that amino acids and other organic molecules could be formed) Earth’s atmosphere: hydrogen, carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor , nitrogen, ammonia, carbon monoxide heated the mixture and zapped it with electrical sparks to stimulate lightning

9. Early Life Forms eubacteria (true bacteria) archaebacteria (ancient bacteria) cyanobacteria (photosynthetic bacteria) eukaryotes (complex life forms)

10. Cells are the structural and functional units of life Cells are the level at which the properties of life emerge. A cell can regulate its internal environment, take in and use energy, respond to its environment, develop and maintain its complex organization, and give rise to new cells. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

11. Cells are the structural and functional units of life There are two basic types of cells. Prokaryotic cells were the first to evolve, are simpler, and are usually smaller than eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-enclosed organelles, including a nucleus containing DNA, and are found in plants, animals, and fungi. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

12. Figure 1.3 Eukaryotic cell Membrane Prokaryotic cell DNA (no nucleus) Organelles Nucleus (membrane- enclosed) DNA (throughout nucleus)

13. The diversity of life can be arranged into three domains The diversity of life can be arranged into three domains . Bacteria are the most diverse and widespread prokaryotes. Archaea are prokaryotes that often live in Earth’s extreme environments. Eukarya have eukaryotic cells and include single-celled protists and multicellular fungi, animals, and plants. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

14. Figure 1.6 Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya Bacteria Archaea Protists (multiple kingdoms) Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Plantae

15. Themes of Life Science Unifying guidelines in studying living matter

16. Arrange It! Atoms compound molecules organelles cell tissues organs system organism population community ecosystem

17. Arrange It! Atoms compound molecules organelles cell tissues organs system organism population community ecosystem

18. In life’s hierarchy of organization, new properties emerge at each level Biological organization unfolds as follows: Biosphere —all of the environments on Earth that support life, Ecosystem —all the organisms living in a particular area and the physical components with which the organisms interact, Community —the entire array of organisms living in a particular ecosystem, Population —all the individuals of a species living in a specific area, © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

19. In life’s hierarchy of organization, new properties emerge at each level Organism —an individual living thing, Organ system —several organs that cooperate in a specific function, Organ —a structure that is composed of tissues and that provides a specific function for the organism, Tissues —a group of similar cells that perform a specific function, Cells —the fundamental unit of life, © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

20. In life’s hierarchy of organization, new properties emerge at each level Organelle —a membrane-bound structure that performs a specific function in a cell, and Molecule —a cluster of small chemical units called atoms held together by chemical bonds. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

21. Figure 1.2 Biosphere Madagascar Ecosystem: Forest in Madagascar Community: All organisms in the forest Population: Group of ring-tailed lemurs Organism: Ring-tailed lemur Organ system: Nervous system Organ: Brain Tissue: Nervous tissue Nerve Spinal cord Brain Organelle: Nucleus Cell: Nerve cell Nucleus Atom Molecule: DNA

22. Unifying Themes Level of organization Flow of energy Evolution Interacting Systems Structure and Function Ecology

23. Characteristics of Life How common are the unique organisms

24. Cellular Organization Metabolism Homeostasis Reproduction Heredity

25. Biology = the study of life What does it mean to be alive??? There are characteristics of life . . . No single characteristic is enough to describe a living thing . . .

26. Characteristics of Life Living things are made up cells . Living things reproduce . Living things are based on a universal genetic code (DNA). Living things grow and develop .

27. Characteristics of Life (cont.) Living things obtain and use materials and energy . Living things respond to their environment. Living things maintain a stable internal environment . (homeostasis) Taken as a group, living things change over time .

28. 1—Made up of cells They can be either unicellular or multicellular. Picture of a Cell *** Unicellular = made up of ONE cell Picture of a unicellular organism. *** Multi-cellular = made up of MORE than one cell Picture of multicellular organisms

29. 2—Reproduction *** asexual = reproduction that requires ONE parent *** sexual = reproduction that requires TWO parents There are 2 types of reproduction: 1. Asexual 2. Sexual

30. 3—Based on a genetic code *** DNA = DNA is the genetic code found in every cell. DNA is inherited from parents and controls your traits .

31. 4—Grow and Develop ***Think about it . . . Do you look the same as when you were born???? **All living things grow and develop during at least part of their life.

32. 5—Need for materials and energy **Living things need a constant supply of materials and energy. ** Metabolism = the process of using those materials.

33. 6—Response to the environment ** Internal stimuli = signal comes from inside the organism **Organisms detect and respond to STIMULI (or signals) from their environment. ** External stimuli = signal comes from outside the organism

34. 7—Maintaining internal balance Despite changing conditions around them, organism must keep their internal conditions stable/balanced . ** Homeostasis = the process of keeping the internal environment stable/balance/constant

35. 8—Change over time Over hundreds, thousands, and millions of years, organisms have the potential to change = evolution

36. Activity Your task is to come up with a symbol or image to symbolize the question “What is life?” Criteria: Presentation/Creativity-10pts; Image/Symbol-10pts; Clip Art Background-5pts; Neatness-5pts Total: 30 points

37. Criteria 5 4 3 2 1 Presentation/Creativity (x2) Presentation flows well and logically. Presentation reflects extensive use of tools in creative way. Presentation flows well. Tools are used correctly. Overall presentation is interesting. Presentation flows well. Some tools are used to show acceptable understanding. Presentation is unorganized. Tools are not used in a relevant manner. Presentation has no flow. Insufficient information. Image/Symbol (x2) Images are appropriate. Most images are appropriate. Images are inappropriate. No images. Clip Art Background Layout is pleasing to the eye. Layout is cluttered. Layout is messy Neatness

38. Chapter Quiz

39. 1-12. Level of Organization (Correct and exact order) Start from the Bottom going towards the TOP. 13-14. Types of Metabolism 15-16. Types of Reproduction 17-20. Theories on the Origin of Life

40. ANSWERS

41. 1-12 Atoms compound molecules organelles cell tissues organs system organism population community ecosystem biosphere Sub-atomic

42. 13-14. Catabolism, Anabolism 15-16. Asexual, Sexual

43. 17-20