CHD- Coronary Heart Diseases. Causes and its management

Atherosclerosis , Arteriosclerosis

1. Coronary Heart Diseases CHD

2. Atherosclerosis

3. Arteriosclerosis

4. Atherosclerosis

5. Progression of Coronary Heart disease Results from damage to the coronary arteries supplying the heart muscle CHD often leads to a heart attack The damage may be due to atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis Excess LDL in the blood damage the endothelium of the artery As a result of injury to artery and inflammatory responses by immune system an atherosclerotic plaque inside the blood vessel is formed It is composed of connective tissue, smooth muscle cells, cellular debris, cholesterol and calcium This leads to an increased thickness of the tunica intima layer and reduces the diameter of the artery.

6. Progression of Coronary Heart disease Reduced blood flow to the artery causes pain called angina pectoris if in the chest or claudication if in the legs If the plaque raptures the material in the plaque will leads to the formation of a blood clot that could occlude a coronary artery leading to heart attack (or a stroke if an artery to the brain is occluded). If the affected area of the myocardium is small the individual may recover from the heart attack and if the area is large, the heart can no longer pump blood and the heart attack will be fatal The process of atherosclerotic plaque development may begin in child hood and progress for years before any clinical symptoms of disease occur .

7. Smoking and CHD Nicotine stimulate the sympathetic nervous system causing acute increase in heart rate and blood pressure thus making heart work harder Carbon monoxide in smoke binds with hemoglobin thus reducing oxygen transport The atherosclerotic process is accelerated because smoking injures the arterial wall lining(endothelium), increases the levels of circulating TC,LDL,TG and decreases the amount of HDL Smoking speeds up internal blood clotting, Smoking increases the possibility of a thrombus or an embolism blocking an artery already narrowed by atherosclerosis. Narrowing the blood vessel to arms and legs may lead to peripheral vascular disease and chances of gangrene and amputation

8. Tests to diagnose Coronary angiography CT angiography Echocardiogram Electrocardiogram Electron beam computed tomography(EBCT)- to know calcium presence in lining of artery Magnetic resonance angiography

9. Causes Sedentary life Lack of exercise Stress Diabetes High BP Metabolic syndrome Age Heredity Smoking, alcohol

10. management Regular exercises Ideal weight Quit smoking, alcohol Adding fiber to diet Limit saturated fats Keep BP, Cholesterol, sugar under control More omega 3 fatty acids

11. Thank you Dept. of physical education , gcte kozhikode