Chemical Symbols and Formulae for Elements and Compounds Presentation.pdf

Chemical Symbols and Formulae for Elements and Compounds Presentation.pdf

1. 12
Mg
Magnesium
Understanding the Language of Chemistry
30
Zn
Zinc
Chemical Symbols
and Formulae

2. H₂O
MgCl₂
C₄H₁₀
Fe
3+
What do they
mean?
Think of where you might have seen
these symbols outside of the classroom.

3. Represent elements
using chemical symbols.
Understand the basics of
IUPAC nomenclature in
naming compounds.
Use chemical formulae
to represent compounds.
1 2 3
Today, you will...
Swedish scientist Jöns Jakob Berzelius introduced the
modern system of chemical symbols. He represented the
elements using one or two letters from their latin names.
Did You Know?

4. Each symbol is made up
of one or two letters.
Na
Sodium
Always
capitalise the
first letter!
Chemical
Symbols
These are shorthand ways to
represent elements in chemistry.
Recall that an element cannot be
broken down into simpler
substances.

5. Importance
of Chemical
Symbols
They provide standardised ways of
representing elements, making
communicating information about
elements and compounds easier.
They offer a concise and simple
way to represent elements in
chemical equations, eliminating the
need to spell each element's name.

6. Derived from the Greek ‘hydro’ and
‘genes’, which means water forming
Most abundant element in the universe
H
Hydrogen
C
Carbon
O
Oxygen
Name comes from the Greek ‘oxy’ and
‘genes’, which means acid forming
Essential for life
Derived from the Latin ‘carbo’, meaning
charcoal
Found in all known life forms
Common
Chemical
Symbols

7. N
Nitrogen
Cl
Chlorine
Na
Sodium
Comes from the Greek ‘nitron’ and
‘genes’, meaning nitre forming
Constitutes about 78% of Earth's
atmosphere
Derived from the Latin ‘natrium’
Soft metal that easily tarnishes when
exposed to air
Name derived from the Greek ‘chloros’,
which means greenish yellow
Widely used in disinfectants and
cleaning products
Common
Chemical
Symbols

8. How many elements can you recognise from the chemical symbols below?
Name as many as you can with the help of your peer.
Au MgNi I
K HgCa Al
P
Zn
Ag
C
Symbol Scrabble

9. 1
H
3
Li
11
Na
19
K
37
Rb
55
Cs
87
Fr
4
Be
12
Mg
20
Ca
38
Sr
56
Ba
88
Ra
21
Sc
39
Y
57-71
89-103
22
Ti
40
Zr
72
Hf
104
Rf
23
V
41
Nb
73
Ta
105
Db
24
Cr
42
Mo
74
W
106
Sg
25
Mn
43
Tc
75
Re
107
Bh
26
Fe
44
Ru
76
Os
108
Hs
27
Co
45
Rh
77
Ir
109
Mt
28
Ni
46
Pd
78
Pt
110
Ds
29
Cu
47
Ag
79
Au
111
Rg
30
Zn
48
Cd
80
Hg
112
Cn
5
B
13
Al
31
Ga
49
In
81
Ti
6
C
14
Si
32
Ge
50
Sn
82
Pb
7
N
15
P
33
As
51
Sb
83
Bi
8
O
16
S
34
Se
52
Te
84
Po
9
F
17
Cl
35
Br
53
I
85
At
2
He
10
Ne
18
Ar
36
Kr
54
Xe
86
Rn
57
La
58
Ce
59
Pr
60
Nd
61
Pm
62
Sm
63
Eu
64
Gd
65
Tb
66
Dy
67
Ho
68
Er
69
Tm
70
Yb
71
Lu
89
Ac
90
Th
91
Pa
92
U
93
Np
94
Pu
95
Am
96
Cm
97
Bk
98
Cf
99
Es
100
Fm
101
Md
102
No
103
Lr
113
Nh
114
Fl
115
Mc
116
Lv
117
Ts
118
Og
There are 118 chemical
elements listed in the
periodic table in a
specific order.
Rules on how to name
new elements in the
periodic table are set up
by the International
Union of Pure and
Applied Chemistry
(IUPAC).
The Periodic
Table of
Elements

10. The Role of
IUPAC
IUPAC is responsible for
establishing unambiguous and
consistent naming systems (also
known as nomenclature) and
terminology.
It has a system for naming chemical
compounds that provides a standard
language for scientists worldwide.
35
?
-----------
2
He
Helium

11. The chemical formula for
carbon dioxide is CO₂.
Naming
Compounds
A compound is a substance
containing two or more elements
that are chemically bonded.
A chemical formula is an
expression showing the elements in
a compound and their relative
proportions. It contains a
combination of chemical symbols
and numbers.
What does
the formula
CO₂ mean?

12. CO₂
one carbon
atom
two oxygen
atoms because
of the
subscript ‘2’
Shown below is the
molecular model of
carbon dioxide.
Carbon dioxide is a compound of carbon and oxygen.
Naming Compounds
O OC

13. A metal will always come
first in a chemical
formula, followed by a
non-metal.
An ionic compound with
two elements will have a
name that ends with -ide.
1 2
A compound with three
elements, including
oxygen, will have a name
that ends with -ate
or -ite.
3
Ex: sodium chloride
(NaCl)
Ex: copper sulfide
(CuS)
Ex: sodium sulphate
(NaSO₄)
Naming Ionic Compounds
An ionic compound is composed of a metal and non-metal. Some of the basic rules
when naming ionic compounds include:

14. The non-metal furthest
to the left on the periodic
table comes first.
A covalent compound
with two elements will
have a name that ends
with -ide.
1 2
Use the prefixes (mono-,
di-, tri-, tetra-) to indicate
the number of that
element in the molecule.
3
Ex: carbon dioxide
(CO₂)
Ex: sulfur dioxide
(SO₂)
Ex: carbon tetrachloride
(CCl₄)
Naming Covalent Compounds
A covalent compound has two or more non-metals. Some of the general rules
when naming covalent compounds are:

15. water methane
NH₃ CH₄
three
hydrogen
atoms
one
nitrogen
atom
two
hydrogen
atoms
one
carbon
atom
four
hydrogen
atoms
ammonia
Naming Covalent Compounds
Remember that many covalent compounds have common names that
are widely accepted.
H₂O
one
oxygen
atom

16. carbon
monoxide
sulfuric acid
potassium
nitrate
lithium iodide
potassium
bromide
Identify the correct chemical formulae for the following compounds.
Chemistry Name Game

17. These are shorthand
ways to represent
elements in chemistry.
Each symbol is made up
of one or two letters,
with the first letter
always capitalised.
IUPAC is responsible for
setting up a system of
naming elements and
compounds, providing a
standard language for
scientists worldwide.
Compounds are
represented by chemical
formulae, which use
symbols and subscripts.
IUPAC sets rules for
naming compounds
correctly.
Chemical Symbols IUPAC Nomenclature Naming Compounds
Review

18. Chemical
Formulae
Hunt
Identify and record the chemical
formulae, common names, and
corresponding IUPAC names for
five (5) common compounds found
at home.
H₂O
NaCl
?