CHEMISTRY HYDROCARBON DERIVATIVES Metacognition activity

HYDROCARBON DERIVATIVES PPT (You should improve the info and quality of design)

1. Hydrocarbons Derivatives José Ángel García Sánchez ID: 1722659 Brenda Karina Rangel ID: Ivan Rigoberto Ibarra Rodriguez ID : 173407 Abril Ameyal Loyola Nu ñ o ID: 1739803 Ingrid Tatiana Serna Martínez ID: 1738309 CHEMISTRY: Selecte d Topics | Stage #1 | Metacognition Activity | Group 408

2. MENU

3. Introduction

4. Generalities

5. Chemical Reaction REACTION OF HALOALKANE: ALCOHOL FORMATION It´s a substitution reaction where one alkyl halide react with a strong base : FORMULA: X + Na OH OH + Na X   EXAMPLE: Cl + Na OH OH + Na Cl   Ethyl Alcohol (alcohol) Sodium hydroxide (base) Sodium chloride ( salt ) Ethyl chloride ( haloalkane )

6. Chemical Reaction REACTION OF ALCOHOLES: OXIDATION PRIMARY In oxidation , as we know , involves oxygen which is proportionated to a strong oxidant agent . In this case the primary alcoholes are oxided to aldehydes and this oxidyze in order to créate carboxylic acids . FORMULA : EXAMPLE : R CH OH +   R OH +   Oxidant Primary alcohol Aldehyde CH O +   OH +   Ethanol Ethanal at 250° C   CH O + COOH   Ethanal Acetic Acid  

7. Chemical Reaction REACTION OF ALCOHOLES: OXIDATION SECONDARY In oxidation, as we know, involves oxygen which is proportionated to a strong oxidant agent. In this case the secondary alcohol can oxidyze to ketones. FORMULA : R C R +   R R +   Secondary alcohol Ketone O H O   EXAMPLE:

8. Chemical Reaction REACTION OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS: ESTERIFICATION In esterification, the alcoholes can react with carboxylic acids in a half hot acid, creating esters, which have a sweet odor and are used in roder to synthetize fragances and fruits. FORMULA : EXAMPLES :

9. Chemical Reaction REACTION OF ALCOHOLES: FERMENTATION Fermentation is a metabolic process in which an organism converts a carbohydrate, such as starch or a sugar, into an alcohol or an acid. For example, yeast perform fermentation to obtain energy by converting sugar into alcohol. It´s the main method to produce alcohol FORMULA : NOTES ABOUT ALCOHOL REACTIONS : 1.- the most common oxidants are: Cooper (Cu), Chromo trioxid (Cr ), Potassium dichromat ( ) and Potassium Permanganete ( ) 2.- The tertiary level alcohls in fact do not really react to oxidize  

10. Chemical Reaction REACTION OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES: OXIDATION In oxidation, the aldehydes and ketones have the facility to be oxdized . The aldehydes are oxidized wit facility even in soft or moderate conditions, giving as a product carboxylic acids, nor like ketones, which can resist to oxidqation . Thish is because of the hydrogen of carbón from the carbonilic group of the aldehyde, which ketones doesn´t have it. This hydrogen is lost during oxidation. In other words, ketones do not react to oxidation. FORMULA : EXAMPLES: BOTH OF THEM ARE ALDEHYDES

11. Chemical Reaction REACTION OF AMINES: ACID-BASE REACTION In acid-base reaction, the acids and base react together in order to form water and a salt, the amines can do it to, being acids and also act as a base. The amines, having some characteristics of bases, are considered organic bases, by that they can react with acids in order to make salts. EXAMPLE :

12. Daily-Life Applications and Examples Iodoethane ( methyl idodide )  Intermediate in the manufacture of some pharmaceuticals and pesticides.  Proposed uses of methyl iodide are as a fire extinguisher Used as an insecticidal fumigant . Haloalkanes

13. Daily-Life Applications and Examples E thanol Alcoholic drinks production Biofuel in cars As a solvent for perfumes Esters ; ethyl propanoate ( ethyl acetate ) Artificial fruit essences and aroma enhancers Artificial flavors for confectionery, ice cream and cakes as a solvent in many applications (including decaffeinating tea and coffee) for varnishes and paints (nail varnish remover) manufacture of printing inks and perfumes . Alcohols

14. Daily-Life Applications and Examples M ethanal ( formaldehyde ) Its largest application is in the production of certain polymeric materials: adhesives and coatings .  It is used in tanning, preserving, and embalming and as a germicide, fungicide and insecticide  for plants and vegetables . Aldehydes

15. Daily-Life Applications and Examples Propanone ( acetone ) the most common use of acetone is as the active ingredient in nail polish remover.  As a solvent for many different materials, such as plastics or other man-made, petroleum-based substances. As an additive in makeup and some kinds of food. In particular it can be found in bread where it helps to mature and bleach flour.  As an additive to the gasoline in their cars. The chemical's dissolving power seems to come in handy cleaning off engine buildup, allowing the vehicles to run more smoothly.  Ketones

16. Daily-Life Applications and Examples Methanoic acid ( formic acid ) Used in the production of leather.  Used in textile and rubber industries. Because of its natural antibacterial properties is used in antibacterial preservative and pesticide and food additives- C ountries such as Austria and Switzerland. These countries, which fight bitter winters and very dangerous roads, are now using formates , which are the salts that are derived from formic acid (increase the gripping ability ). Carboxylic acids

17. Daily-Life Applications and Examples Amines; 1-aminopropane ( propylamine ) The main applications can be found in the production of agricultural chemicals a well known fungicide) Used in active pharmaceutical ingredients Amines

18. Bibliography Clark, Jim . http://www.chemguide.co.uk/organicprops/amines/base.html . 2004. 01 de 02 de 2016. Martinez Javier, Morales Guadalupe, Tehuitzitl Felipe, Rodriguez Maria . Temas Selectos de Quimica . Mexico D.F.: UANL, 2015. Wade , Leory G. http://www.britannica.com/science/ether-chemical-compound . 24 de 07 de 2015. 01 de 02 de 2016 . Acidpedia . ( n.d. ). Retrieved Feb. 4, 2016, from Formic acid: http://acidpedia.org/formic_acid/ BASF. ( n.d. ). Retrieved Feb. 4, 2016, from http://product-finder.basf.com/group/corporate/product-finder/en/brand/PROPYLAMINE Britannica. ( n.d. ). Retrieved Feb 4, 2016, from Aldehydes: http://www.britannica.com/science/aldehyde/Uses-of-aldehydes CHM. ( n.d. ). Retrieved Feb 4, 2016, from Ethyl Acetate: http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/ethylacetate/ethylv.htm EHOW. ( s.f. ). Recuperado el 4 de Feb de 2016, de Common Uses of Chemical Acetone: http://www.ehow.com/info_8625436_common-uses-chemical-acetone.html EPA. (2015, September 9). Retrieved Feb 4, 2016, from Mathyl Iodine: http://www3.epa.gov/airtoxics/hlthef/methylio.html GCSesscience . (2015). Retrieved Feb 4, 2016, from Uses of Ethanol: http://www.gcsescience.com/o43.htm