Chemistry in our daily life and its importance

Chemistry in our daily life and its importance
A Short Introduction to Chemistry and its branches.
There are five main branches of Chemistry:
1)Organic Chemistry
2)Inorganic Chemistry
3)Analytical Chemistry
4)Physical Chemistry
5)Biochemistry
Presented By: Amir Hassan Chemistry Department, Government Post Graduate College Mardan KP Pakistan.

1. Chemistryin Our Daily Life
and its Importance
Amir Hassan
Govt: Post Graduate College Mardan KP Pakistan

2. Definition OfChemistry
•Chemistryisthestudyofthesubstances,speciallytheir
structure,properties,transformationsandtheenergychanges
accompanyingthesetransformation.
•Or,thebranchofsciencethatdealswiththeidentificationof
thesubstancesofwhichmatteriscomposed;theinvestigation
oftheirpropertiesandthewaysinwhichtheyinteract,
combine,andchange;andtheuseoftheseprocessestoform
newsubstances.

3. Some Uses ofChemistry
•Everythingismadeofchemicals.Manyofthechangeswe
observeintheworldaroundweseethatcausedby
chemicalreactions.
•Chemistryisveryimportantbecauseithelpsustoknow
thecomposition,structure&changesofmatter.Allthe
mattersaremadeupofchemistry.
•Inoureverydaylikevariouschemicalarebeingusedin
variousform,someofthosearebeingusedasfood,some
ofthoseusedclangingetc.

4. Industries andTransport
Food Security andAgriculture
Science andTechnology
CookingCooking
Cleaning
Medicine
EnvironmentalIssues
Polymers
Building Materials ,etc.

5. •There are five main branches ofChemistry:
Organic Chemistry
InorganicChemistry
AnalyticalChemistry
PhysicalChemistry
Biochemistry

6. OrganicChemistry
•OrganicChemistryisthestudyofcompoundsthatcontain
theelementscarbonandhydrogen.
•Or,Organicchemistryinvolvesthestudyofthestructure,
properties,andpreparationofchemicalcompoundsthat
consistprimarilyofcarbonandhydrogen.Examples:
Petroleum,almostallmedicine,food

7. ORGANIC
Known ascarbon
chemistry
Foodchemistry
OrganicChemistry
ORGANIC
FossilFuels

8. OrganicChemistry
•Organicchemistryoverlapswithmanyareasincluding-
Medicinalchemistry—thedesign,development,and
synthesisofmedicinaldrugs.Itoverlapswith
pharmacology(thestudyofdrugaction).pharmacology(thestudyofdrugaction).
Organometallicchemistry—thestudyofchemical
compoundscontainingbondsbetweencarbonandametal.
Polymerchemistry—thestudyofthechemistryof
polymers.

9. •Thestudyofcompoundsthataremadeofonlyoneorno
carbonelements.Itcoversallchemicalcompoundsexceptcarbonelements.Itcoversallchemicalcompoundsexcept
organiccompounds.
•Inorganicchemistrystudythingssuchascrystalstructures,
minerals,metals,catalysts,andmostelementsinthePeriodic
Table.

10. INORGANIC
Involves all elements
Metals/Materials
chemistry
InorganicChemistry
INORGANIC
chemistry
ChemicalReactions

11. InorganicChemistry
•Branches of inorganic chemistryinclude:
Bioinorganicchemistry—thestudyoftheinteractionof
metalionswithlivingtissue,mainlythroughtheirdirectmetalionswithlivingtissue,mainlythroughtheirdirect
effectonenzymeactivity.
Geochemistry —the study of the chemical composition
and changes in rocks, minerals, and atmosphere of theearth
or a celestialbody.

12. •Itisthestudyoftheseparation,identification,and
quantificationofthechemicalcomponentsofnaturaland
artificialmaterials.Ithasqualitativeanalysiswhichismoreonartificialmaterials.Ithasqualitativeanalysiswhichismoreon
thephysicalpropertiesandidentityandquantitativeanalysis
themeasurementandamountofacertainsubstance.
•Analyticalchemistryinvolvesthequalitativeandquantitative
determinationofthechemicalcomponentsofsubstances.

13. ANALYTICAL
Identifies,Evaluates,
Compares
Uses instrumentsto
findanswers
AnalyticalChemiAstry
ANALYTICAL
Basis of
ChemicalResearch

14. AnalyticalChemistry
•Examplesofareasusinganalyticalchemistryinclude:
Forensicchemistry—theapplicationofchemicalprinciples,
techniques,andmethodstotheinvestigationofcrime.
Environmentalchemistry—thestudyofthechemicalandbiochemical
phenomenathatoccurintheenvironment.Itreliesheavilyonanalytical
chemistryandincludesatmospheric,aquatic,andsoilchemistry.
BioanalyticalChemistry—theexaminationofbiologicalmaterials
suchasblood,urine,hair,saliva,andsweattodetectthepresenceof
specificdrugs.

15. PhysicalChemistry
•Chemistrythatreliesonalotofphysicsandmathtostudythe
changesinenergythathappentomatter.
•Thestudyoftheshapeofnon-livingmatterandhowthat
affectsmatteratthevisiblescale.
•Physicalchemiststypicallystudytherateofachemical
reaction,theinteractionofmoleculeswithradiation,andthe
calculationofstructuresandproperties.

16. PHYSICAL
Heating/Freezing
Involves matterand energy
PHYSICAL
Heating/Freezing
ofmaterials
Exothermic,Endergonic—
Nuclearchemistry

17. •Biochemistryisthestudyofthechemistryin
biologicalprocessesofalllivingorganisms.Thereis
anevidentoverlappingofdifferentbranchesof
chemistrybuttheyareallobservedinthesystemsofchemistrybuttheyareallobservedinthesystemsof
livingthings.
•Biochemicalresearchincludescancerandstemcell
biology,infectiousdisease,andcellmembraneand
structuralbiology.

18. BIOCHEMISTRY
“Living” Chemistry;
Environmental
Proteins, Amino
Acids, DNA,foodBIOCHEMISTRY
Medicalresearch
Acids, DNA,food

19. •Itspansmolecularbiology,genetics,biochemicalpharmacology,
clinicalbiochemistry,andagriculturalbiochemistry.Sub-branchesof
biochemistryis-
Molecularbiology—thestudyoftheinteractionsbetweenthe
varioussystemsofacell,suchasthedifferenttypesofDNA,RNA,varioussystemsofacell,suchasthedifferenttypesofDNA,RNA,
andproteinbiosynthesis.
Genetics—thestudyofgenes,heredity,andvariationinliving
organisms.
Pharmacology—thestudyofmechanismsofdrugactionandthe
influenceofdrugsonanorganism.

20. IImportance of mportance of hemistry hemistry
in in OOur ur aily aily ife ife

21. Chemistry made us realize Chemistry made us realize
that things have an expiry that things have an expiry
date , and that it is important date , and that it is important
to watch out for eating to watch out for eating
expired foodexpired food..
IN MEDICINE:IN MEDICINE:
The abolition of disease and The abolition of disease and
major contribution to many major contribution to many
improving human wealth, improving human wealth,
have been made by the have been made by the
modern chemical discoveries.modern chemical discoveries.

22. SaltSalt--a chemical compounda chemical compound
It is fascinating to know that It is fascinating to know that
salt, a compound we eat salt, a compound we eat salt, a compound we eat salt, a compound we eat
everyday, is made up of two everyday, is made up of two
substances, substances, sodium and sodium and
chlorine.chlorine.
NaClNaCl==Table SaltTable Salt

23. Chemistry in the HouseChemistry in the House
SomethingSomethingasassimplesimpleasas
ToothpasteToothpasteinvolvesinvolvesatatleastleast
threethreechemicals,chemicals,ififnotnotmoremore..ItIt
isisthethemixturemixtureofoffluoride,fluoride,isisthethemixturemixtureofoffluoride,fluoride,
peroxideperoxideandandbakingbakingsodasodaandand
itsitschemicalchemicalreactionreactionthatthatkeepskeeps
youryourteethteethcleanclean..FromFromthisthis
coursecourseIIgotgottotoknowknowhowhowtoto
readreadthethechemicalschemicalscompositioncomposition..

24. Gases Inside The Diving Gases Inside The Diving
CylindersCylinders

25. Scuba Tank Pictures Scuba Tank Pictures

26. Scuba Tank Gases Scuba Tank Gases
1. 1. NitroxNitrox--Nitrox is basically a mixture of Nitrox is basically a mixture of
nitrogen and oxygen. This particular "breathing nitrogen and oxygen. This particular "breathing
gas" mixture is used by scuba divers who dive to gas" mixture is used by scuba divers who dive to
a depth of up to 130 ft only. a depth of up to 130 ft only.
2. 2. HelioxHeliox--HelioxHelioxcombines both oxygen and combines both oxygen and
helium in the tank. helium in the tank.
3. 3. HydrelioxHydreliox--HydrelioxHydrelioxcombines oxygen, combines oxygen,
helium and hydrogen in the scuba diving tank. helium and hydrogen in the scuba diving tank.
With With HydrelioxHydrelioxin their tanks, scuba divers can in their tanks, scuba divers can
safely pursue diving depths of up to 400 feet.safely pursue diving depths of up to 400 feet.

27. CHEMISTRY
ELEMENT
COMPOUNDCOMPOUND
AND
MIXTURE

28. What is an Element?
Element
A chemicalsubstance
Simplestsubstance.
Cannot bedecomposed
to a simplersubstance
Built up from onetype
of atomsonly

29. Examples ofMetals
( Sodium)
Na
Use :
SodiumLamp

30. CopperCu
Use:ElectricConductor

31. CalciumCa
Use:Calcium ions needed to formbones
andteeth

32. AluminiumAl
Use:Making of cooking pots andpans

33. Gold ; AurumAu
Use:Jewelry

34. Iron; FerumFe
Use:Construction ofbuildings
andbridges

35. LeadPb
Uses:Waterpipes
Pipes forwiring

36. MagnesiumMg
Use:CrackersandFireworks

37. PlatinumPt
Use:Jewelry

38. PotassiumK
Use:Potassiumsalts
-agriculturalfertilizers

39. SilverAg
Use:Jewelry

40. TinSn
Use:Makingcontainers

41. ZincZn
Uses:Dry cells;
Roofing forhouses

42. MercuryHg
Use:InThermometers

43. Examples ofNon-Metals
ChlorineCl
Use:Killing germs in watersupply

44. ArgonAr
Use:LightingBulbs

45. BromineBr
Use:Photography

46. BoronB
Use:Making
Medicine inpharmacy

47. HeliumHe
Use:Fillingballoons

48. Carbon C
Diamond&Graphite

49. HydrogenH
Use:Fuel

50. IodineI
Use:Antiseptic

51. NeonNe
Use:NeonLights

52. NitrogenN
Use:Liquid Nitrogen –
Refrigeration Coolant

53. OxygenO
Use:GasforBreathing

54. PhosphorusP
Use:Matches

55. SiliconSi
Use:ComputerCPU

56. SulphurS
Use:Manufactureof
SulphuricAcid

57. What is a Compound ?
AChemicalConsistsof
twoor moreelements.
chemicallycombinedchemicallycombined
Chemical Bond between
theparticles.

58. Examples ofCompounds
Ammonium Chloride
Use:Dry Batteries
Constituents:H,N,Cl

59. Glucose
Use:Carbohydrates
Constituents:H , C ,O

60. SodiumChloride
Use:Flavor for Food
Constituents :Na ,Cl

61. Calciumcarbonate
Use:Building material
Constituents:Ca,C,O

62. Sulphuricacid
Use:Car Accumulator
Constituents:H , S ,O

63. Urea
Use:Nitrogeneous Fetilizer
Constituents:C , H , O ,N

64. Copper (II)sulphate
Use:Fungicide
Constituents:Cu , S , O ,H

65. Potassiumnitrate
Use:Agricultural Fertilizers
Constituents:K, N ,O

66. Ethanoicacid
Use:Vinegar
Constituents:C , H ,O

67. Use:Anaesthetic
Cost:C ,H,Cl

68. What is a Mixture?
Substanceconsistingof
twoormoresubstances
physicallycombined.
Components:Elements
or/andcompounds.
Components canbe
separatedbyphysical
means.

69. ExamplesofMixtures
Air–Oxygen,Nitrogen,
Carbon dioxide, water
vapor etc

70. Soil
Constituents:Humus,sand,
air, water, mineralsetc.

71. Milk
Components:Lactose,water,
proteins, vitamins, mineralsetc

72. Conclusion
Nowwecansayfromthispresentationthatchemistry
isallaroundus,buttheonlythinisthatweneedto
observeitcarefullyandnoticeeverythingaroundus.observeitcarefullyandnoticeeverythingaroundus.
Weshouldappreciatetheworkofscientistswho
observedthosethingsandbroughtittillus.

73. TThank hank YYou ou FFor or LListeningistening