Chemistry of Nanoparticles applicable to Pharmacy

Chemistry Pharmaceutical Nanopartilces

1. Guided By Presented By Dr. V. N. Lad Paritosh Agnihotri Chemical Engineering Department SVNIT- Surat A ORAL PRESENTATION On Study on Dispersion of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Carrier Fluids with Their Characterizations and Applications

2. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

3. Nanofluids, a special category of fluid which contents of dispersed nanometer -sized media like nanoparticles, nano -fibres, nanotubes, nanorods , or nanodroplets . It consists of two basic phases: solid phase (particles) and a liquid phase (dispersion media). Nanofluids have been largely useful to accelerate thermo-physical effects likely thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and convective heat transfer coefficients. The low thermal conductivity of conventional fluids such as water, oils and ethylene glycol have some limitations to development as a heat transfer medium The thermal conductivity of fluids, dispersed small size solid particles are dispersed in the fluid to change flow and heat transfer properties The nanofluids are prepared by dispersing nanoparticles (1-1000 nm) in conventional fluids in respective volume fraction which improves the thermal conductivity. It is very necessary that nanofluids must fulfil properties like fixed durability, the stability of the particles or fluids, and less agglomeration. INTRODUCTION

4. Various materials reported in the literature for nanofluids preparation

5. PREPARATION OF MAGNETIC NANOFLUIDS Double step method An aqueous solution of ferrous and ferric salt solutions (Fe 2+ : Fe 3+ :1:2)     Aqueous Ammonium hydroxide solution   Stabilizer e.g. oleic acid (OA)   Nanoparticles   Ultra-sonication   Magnetic nanofluids   Carrier liquid Surfactant Single step method

6. Synthesis steps of Fe 3 O 4 – Oleic acid nanoparticles and colour change phenomena of magnetic nanoparticles  

7. CHARACTERIZATIONS TECHNIQUES Morphology and particle size analyser

8. Transmission Electron Microscopy

9. FT-IR analysis TGA analysis

10. Magnetic properties of synthesised nanoparticles X-ray diffraction analysis

11. FE-SEM analysis Stress-strain relationship

12. Engineering applications of magnetic nanofluids Heat transfer applications Water as a cooling medium has some limitations and in order to improve the rate of heat transfer rate there is a requirement of alternative fluids for cooling applications. As thermal properties it is well known that solids have higher thermal conductivities than liquids and confirmed that they offer higher. Stoian and Holotescu ; 2014 experimentally investigated the cooling capabilities of transformer based magnetic nanofluids in the presence of AC applied a magnetic field. They found that the rate of rising in temperature of the magnetic nanofluid is lower than that of the transformer oil. Electronic applications Microfluidic applications: The manipulation of a small amount of liquid is necessary for fluidic digital display devices, optical devices and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) using lab-on-a-chip analysis systems

13. Electrowetting and reducing the contact angle through applied voltage can manipulate the small volume of the liquid sample. Nanofluids are very effective for surface and possibly of surface tension. Biomedical applications The important role of the nanofluids in the biomedical field is to reduce the side effects of radiation cancer therapy or other diesel. Iron-based nanoparticles can be useful in delivering drug or radiation to the targeted cells without rapturing the healthy cells. Nakano et al., 2008 proposed the drug delivery system using magnetic nanofluids. It targeted and concentrated drugs using a ferrofluid cluster consist of magnetic nanoparticles. Such a ferrofluid subjected to the drug is injected in a cancer tumour and it is kept there for an hour through a well-focused magnetic field where it showed very intense nature. Magnetic nanofluids also useful in improving cooling around the surgical area furthermore there is a chance of survival for the patient also prevent the danger of organ damage.

14. Hyperthermia therapy Hyperthermia is mostly known as the increase of abnormal body temperature artificially made by external medical devices; therefore, it is completely varied from fever and heatstroke, which can be controlled by the body's temperature set point . Dispersed magnetic nanoparticles in nanofluids worked as a mediator to accomplish the cancer treatment with higher efficiency. The speciality of magnetic nanofluids is that it can enhance the local temperature of the affected part with the inclusion of magnetic nanoparticles to cancer cells. Magnetic separation of cells In this process separation of cells is achieved with biocompatible nanoparticles from nanofluids. The process consists of two broad steps (a) identify a magnetic particle to the desired biological species (b) migrates the magnetic particles from their parent surrounding under the influence of a magnetic field gradient.

15. Conclusions Coolant like water and oils have low thermal conductivity and some limitations. Dispersed solid particles will enhance the thermal properties specially heat transfer characteristics which have unique applications in engineering and biomedical fields. Magnetic nanoparticles were synthesised with co-precipitation method and coated with a surfactant, oleic acid (OA) finely dispersed in kerosene oil as a base fluid. The analysis showed that particles were monodispersed magnetic nanoparticles due to coated with surfactant oleic acid which reduces the interactions among the nanoparticles. Magnetic properties showed that synthesised particles are superparamagnetic in nature at room temperature.

16. REFERENCES Hong Y.R., Z.S., Han P.Y., Li Z.H., Ding J., Zheng Y. (2006) “Preparation, characterization and application of bilayer surfactant-stabilized ferrofluids .” Powder Technology , 170:1–11. Zhang L., He R., Gu Hong-Chen (2006) “Oleic acid coating on the monodisperse magnetite nanoparticles.” Applied Surface Science 253 (2006) 2611–2617. K. Q. Ma and J. Liu, “Nano liquid-metal fluid as ultimate coolant,” Physics Letters Section A , vol. 361, no. 3, pp. 252– 256, 2007. Wei Yu and Huaqing Xie A Review on Nanofluids: Preparation, Stability Mechanisms, and Applications Journal of Nanomaterials Volume 2012, Article ID 435873, 17 pages. M . Nakano, H. Matsuura, D. Ju et al., “Drug delivery system using nano -magnetic fluid,” in Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Innovative Computing, Information and Control (ICICIC ’08), Dalian, China, June 2008.

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