Chemistry of Satvapatana

Chemistry of Satvapatana

1. OF S A T V A P A T A N A DEPARTMENT OF RASA SASHTRA AND BHAISHAJYA KALPANA Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheswara College of Ayurveda and Hospital Hassan Presenter Dr.Saranya Sasi Final PG Scholar Guide Archana Pagad Assistant Prof 31-May-18 1 Department of RSBK SDMCAH Hassan

2. 31-May-18 Department of RSBK SDMCAH Hassan 2 CONTENTS Introduction ( Satvapatana ) Classification of Satvapatana References of Satvapatana , Yantras used, Supportive dravyas Importance,Aims and uses of Satvapatana Basic requirements Suddavarta Lakshana Modern technique of metal extraction Satvapatana and Metallurgy Articles Discussion Conclusion Reference

3. Satvapatana क्षा्राम्लद्रावकैर्युक्तं ध्यातमाकारकोष्ठके | यस्ततो निर्गत: सार: सत्वमित्यभिधीयते || ( R.Cu . 4/38) Dhatu Trituration Kshara amla or dravaka dravya Satvapatana koshti Musha Satva The process of ‘ sattva ’ extraction from any of the ‘ dhatu dravya ’ through various pharmaceutical procedure is called as ‘ Satvapatana ’ E.g; Abraka , Chapala, Haratala eg 31-May-18 3 Department of RSBK SDMCAH Hassan

4. Classification I. Based on source Dhatu roopa (Metal form) Eg . Abraka satva , Swarnamakshika satva Adhatu roopa (Non-Metal form) Eg . Haratala II. Based on Origin: Mineral – Abhraka, Vaikranta etc Animal - Bhunaga , Mayurapiccha Herabal - Kankushta III. Based on Collection: Sublimating form of Satva (Hg) Non-Sublimating form ( Fe,Cu ) 31-May-18 4 Department of RSBK SDMCAH Hassan

5. Nagarjuna – 1 st mentioned about Satvapatana Reference : Ananda Khanda (36) Rasendra mangala (8) Yantra’s Used for Satvapatana Musha Koshti Dhamaru Yantra Patana Yantra Supportive Dravyas used for Satvapatana Tankana (Borax), Coal, H 2 SO 4 Ushna, Tikshna , Dhatudravaka & Shodhana Lower MP of satva in ore Act as Reducing agents Rasarnava (9) Rasaratnakara (19) 31-May-18 5 Department of RSBK SDMCAH Hassan

6. Importance of Satva While using uparasa etc in yogas their satva is more beneficial Aims of Satvapatana To obtain the active principle of that ore that is free from all blemishes To minimize dose without lowering its efficacy To involve it in further procedures like calcination etc. Uses of Satva Mercurial Processing Therapeutic use Charana and Jarana samskaara of Parada Vayastambha - abhraka satva – internally Rasayana Property Harmless, highly potent, superior (RRS) 31-May-18 6 Department of RSBK SDMCAH Hassan

7. Basic Requirements for satvapatana : Satvayukta materilas : metals and minerals having ores Herbal – by crushing and macerating in water and sediment Metals having lower M.P/ Vapourising Point – by sublimation (Parada) Metals having highet M.P – by using Dravaka gana Dravaka Varga : Dravaka varga and Mitrapanchaka ( Gunja , Madhu, Guda, Grutha , Tankana, Guggulu) – helps displacing metals from the source Flux : substance added to the molten metals to bond with impurities can be readily removed e.g Tankana (acts : reducing the MP & helping in formationof slag) Slag : waste material which is removed in . Poling: Green log of wood which is used to stir the molten metal (Metal oxides – reduced – reacting with hydrocarbon gases that are liberated.) Guggulu – helps to accelerate the process Reducing Nature of Carbon: Carbon Reacts with Oxygen in 2 ways C + O 2 CO 2 ------------- (1) @ 932 K 2C + O 2 2CO -------------(2) @>932 K Law of Thermodynamics - < 983 K – carbon monoxide – energetically a better reducing agent than carbon 31-May-18 7 Department of RSBK SDMCAH Hassan

8. Auto reduction : Some reduction reaction does not require the reducing agents. Cations – least electropositive metals – reduced without use of any additional reducing agents. Also called as AIR REDUCTION e.g; extraction of Pb, Hg, Cu etc. In manufacture of Mercury the sulphide ore (Cinnabar) is heated in a current of air when Following reactions occur – 2HgS + 3O 2 2HgO + 2SO 2 2HgO 2Hg + O 2 2HgO + HgS 3Hg + SO 2 Similarly, for Cu, where the sulphide and the oxide act together, at an elevated temperature to give the metal Cu 2 S + 2Cu 2 O SO 2 + 6Cu Catalyst : Organic acids of a plant source – Gunja – extract of gunja are thermo stable c. Agni : Depends upon the dravya involved in satvapatana d. Musha : Vajra musha (intense heat) Samanya Musha (mild to moderate heat) e. Koshti : Angara Koshti (Katina dravya) , Patala Koshti ( Mrudu Dravya) , Gara Koshti ( mishra Dhatu ) 31-May-18 8 Department of RSBK SDMCAH Hassan

9. Suddavarta Lakshana : Characteristics of flame during satva extraction ( Rasarnava ) (RT) (RRS) Swarna Satva : Yellow flames Rajata Satva : White flames Tamra satva : Bluish flames Teekshana loha satva : Black flames Naga satva : Black flames Shilajatu satva : Gray flames Loha satva : Kapila flames Sasyaka satva : Red flames 31-May-18 9 Department of RSBK SDMCAH Hassan

10. MODERN TECHNIQUE OF METAL EXTRACTION The method used to extract metals from the ore in which they are found depends on their reactivity. For example, reactive metals  such as aluminium are extracted by electrolysis less-reactive metal such as  iron  may be extracted by reduction with carbon or carbon monoxide. Aim: Enhancing metal percentage in the ore Phases: 1.Concentration of ore : by hand picking, gravity separation, magnetic concentration, electrostatic concentration, froath floating process 2.Calcination: to expel organic matter, volatile matter, moisture 3.Roasting: to oxidize the ore 4.Reduction to free metal : Melting, Heating in the air, Reduction by Aluminium , electrometallurgy, Amalgamation method, Hydrometallurgy 5.Refining/Purification : Liquation, Distillation, Oxidation, Electro fining 31-May-18 10 Department of RSBK SDMCAH Hassan

11. Satvapatana and Metallurgy Satvapatana Metallurgy Aims at extracting the therapeutical active material Subjected for shodhana and marana (extracted metal) The properties of live metal ( Jivayukta ) are obtained from its ores (Therapeutically) Aims at extracting the pirest forms of metal for commercial purpose The reduced metal is subjected for refining processes The metal is dead form of ore (Therapeutically) 31-May-18 11 Department of RSBK SDMCAH Hassan

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14. DISCUSSION 31-May-18 14 Department of RSBK SDMCAH Hassan Satvas are different from metals Selection of mitra panchaka are varied acco : to nature of satvayukta dravya Satvapatana technique was practiced in small scale with a therapeutic motto behind it This procedure dose not explain the large scale extraction of metals that time The aim of satvapatana is entirely different from aim of metallurgy. Hence both cannot be the same Thermodynamically satvapatana is an Isochoric (unchanged vlume ) and to some extent it is isobaric process (unchanged pressure) Satva obtained is again processed to make it therapeutically fit.

15. CONCLUSION Satvapatana is ment to extract the therapeutically active principles from the ore Satvapatana aims at extracting substances which is pharmacologically effective than mettallurgically pure. Satvapatana technique has faded in recent years 31-May-18 15 Department of RSBK SDMCAH Hassan

16. Reference Rasa ratna samuchaya , Choukhambha Samskruta Samsthana 2009 A text book of Rasasashtra Dr.Ravindra Angadi , Chaukhambha Surbharati Prakashan Kinetic Chemistry of Satvapatana – Article – An International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Oct-Dec 2017 Chemistry of Satvapatana - Agnihotry Pandey – Articlde - International Journal of Applied Ayurveda and Research 31-May-18 16 Department of RSBK SDMCAH Hassan