Chemistry Project Extraction of Essential Oils Present in Aniseed(Saunf), Carum(Ajwain) and Cardamom(Elaichi)

Chemistry project for class 11 on extraction of essential oils present in Aniseed(Saunf), Carum(Ajwain) and
Cardamom(Elaichi)

1. ChemistryProject
ExtractionofEssentialOilsPresentin
Aniseed(Saunf), Carum(Ajwain)and
Cardamom(Elaichi)
CHEMISTRYPROJECT-EXTRACTION OFESSENTIALOILS 1

2. NAME: ABHINAV N. BAWANE
CLASS: XII SCIENCE
ROLL NO. : 07
SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY

3. CERTIFICATE
CHEMISTRYPROJECT-EXTRACTION OFESSENTIALOILS 3
THISISTOCERTIFYTHATABHINAV BAWANE OFCLASSXIIHAS
SUCCESSFULLYCOMPLETEDCHEMISTRYPROJECTONTHETOPIC
"EXTRACTIONOF ESSENTIAL OILSPRESENTIN
ANISEED(SAUNF),CARUM(AJWAIN)ANDCARDAMOM
(ELAICHI)"UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF NEHA RATHORE MA’AM
DURING THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2023-2024AS PERTHEGUIDELINES
ISSUEDBYCENTRALBOARD OFSECONDARYEDUCATION(CBSE).
TEACHER’S SIGNATURE PRINCIPAL SIGNATURE

4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CHEMISTRYPROJECT-EXTRACTION OFESSENTIALOILS 4
Iwouldliketoexpressmydeepestappreciationtoallthose
whohaveprovidedmewiththeopportunitytoperformthis
project.
IwouldliketothankmyChemistryteacherNehaRathore
Madam,whosevaluableguidancehashelpedmeto
completetheproject.Hersuggestionsandinstructions
haveservedasamajorcontributortowardsthesuccessful
outcomeofthisproject.
Itakethisopportunitytothankourprincipalofschool,Mr.
B.A.LondheSir,whowasalwayssupportiveandhelpfulin
fulfillingallouracademicrequirements.
Iwouldliketothankmyparentsforgiving
encouragement, enthusiasm and invaluable
assistancetome.
Lastbutnottheleast;Iwouldliketothankallmy
classmateswhohavesupportedmeinvariousaspects.

5. TableOfContents
CHEMISTRYPROJECT-EXTRACTION OFESSENTIALOILS 5
1
INTRODUCTION
2
AIM
3
ANISEEDOIL(SAUNF)
4
CARUMOIL(AJWAIN)
5
CARDAMOM (ILLAICHI)
6
EXPERIMENT
7
BIBLIOGRAPHY

6. INTRODUCTION
An essentialoilis aconcentratedhydrophobicliquid containingvolatile
aromacompoundsfromplants.Theyarealsoknownas volatileoils,etherealoils,
aetheroleaetc.Essentialoilsaremadeup of highlyvolatilesubstanceswhichcanbe
extractedfrom numerous plant species.Distillation based recoveryprocessessuchas
steamandvacuum distillationare preferredfortheextractionofessentialoils fromplant
materials.Virtuallyallnaturally occurringessential oils are made up of hydrocarbons
such as camphene, pinene,limonene, phellandrene, cedrene,andoxygenated
hydrocarbons such as alcohols,aldehydes,esters,ketones,
Lactones,phenolsand organic acids,Theessential oil get their odoursfrom the
Oxygenated compounds contained in them and these confer stability on the oil against
oxidation.
The hydrocarbons are less stable and they are
responsible for the degradation observed in the oils. The hydrocarbons contained in the
essential oils are often removed so that the oils can be more stable and still retain their
odoursand flavours.
CHEMISTRYPROJECT-EXTRACTION OFESSENTIALOILS 6

7. AIM
Extractionofessentialoilspresentin
Saunf(Aniseed),Ajwain(Carcum)
and
Elaichi(Cardamom)
CHEMISTRYPROJECT-EXTRACTION OFESSENTIALOILS 7

8. ANISEEDOIL
(SAUNF)
BotanicalName:Pimpinellaanisum
Common MethodofExtraction:Steam Distillation
Color:Clear
AromaticDescription:Distinctivescentoflicorice.Rich
and sweet.
Constituents:a-pinene,camphene,B-pinene,linalool,
cisanethole, trans-anethole,safrole,anisaldehyde,
acetoanisole.
CHEMISTRYPROJECT-EXTRACTION OFESSENTIALOILS 8

9. USES:
•Inaromatherapy,aniseedessentialoilisusedto treat
coldsandflu.
•Aniseed oil can be made into a liquid scent and is
used for both huntingandfishing. It isputonfishing
luresto attractfish.
•Anethole,theprincipalcomponentofaniseoil,is a
precursorthatcan eventuallyproduce2,5-
dimethoxybenzaldehydewhichiscanbeusedin the
clandestinesynthesisofpsychedelicdrugssuchas 2C-B,2C-
I andDOB.
•Oil of aniseedisalsoreported tobe usedasanaromatic
carminative to relieveflatulence,andasan ingredientof
cough lozenges in combinationwithliquorice.
CHEMISTRYPROJECT-EXTRACTION OFESSENTIALOILS 9

10. CAROMOIL(AJWAIN)
Botanicalname :Trachyspermumammi
Common MethodofExtraction:Distillation
Aroma:Warm,Pungent,Peppery
Extraction:Ajwainoil is extracted from the
crushed seeds of ajwainby the method of
steam distillation.
Chemicalcomposition:
Themainconstituentsoftheajwainoilarethymol,gamma-
terpinene,p-cymene, and beta-pinene. Alpha-pinene, alpha-thujene,
beta-myrcene, carvacrol,limonene, and terpinene-4-ol.
CHEMISTRYPROJECT-EXTRACTION OFESSENTIALOILS 10

11. Therearevariations inthe composition of
ajwainoils dependingupon theregion
whereitis cultivated.
For instance,ajwainoilcollectedfrom
SouthernIndiais richinthymol.
CHEMISTRYPROJECT-EXTRACTION OFESSENTIALOILS 11
Uses:
•SkinAilments:Ajwaincan help withpimples.
•DigestiveAid:Onecantreatindigestion,ulcers,
and variousother bacterialinfectionsofthe gut
with ajwainseedsand essentialoil.
•Aromatherapy:Useful in aromatherapy,ajwain
oil offers calming sensationsthat relieves
neuralgia andmigraines.

12. CARDAMOM OIL
(ELAICHI)
BotanicalName:Elettariacardamonum
Common MethodOf Extraction:SteamDistillation
Aroma:Verycomplexandsmoothspicearoma
Extraction:
Cardamomoilis extractedusingsteamdistillationmethod.For
this, seeds of the fruitareused justbeforethey ripe. The yield
through this process isnormally1 to 5 per cent.
CHEMISTRYPROJECT-EXTRACTION OFESSENTIALOILS 12

13. ChemicalComposition:
Cardamom oil contains sabinene, myrcene, a-pinene, b-
pinene, a-phellandrene,limonene,p-cymene,terpinolene,1,8-
cineole,y-terpinene, linalool,linalylacetate,a-terpineolacetate,
citronellol,nerol,terpinen-4-oil,a-terpineol,geraniol,methyl
eugenolandtrans-nerolidol.
CHEMISTRYPROJECT-EXTRACTION OFESSENTIALOILS 13
Uses:
Cardamomoil hasa vastrangeof usagefor
treatmentof sciatica,coughs,abdominalpains,
spasmandnervousdisorders.Traditionally,itis
usedforpulmonarydisease,fever,digestiveand
urinaryproblemsinIndia andChina forover3000
years.It is alsoused toflavour pharmaceutical
products.Apartfrompharmaceuticalusage,
cardamomoilisalsousedasa fragrantin soaps,
perfumes andcosmetic products.

14. EXPERIMENT
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MaterialsRequired:
•Steamgenerator(CopperVessel)
•Roundbottomflask (500ml),
•Conicalflask
•Condenser
•Glasstubes
•Ironstand
•Sandbath
•Separatoryfunnel
•Tripodstands
•Burners
•Ajwain(Carum)
•Petroleumether(60-80°C)
•Saunf(Aniseed)
Procedure:
1.Set the apparatus as shown in the picture of Experimental Setup. The
apparatus consists of a steam generator connected to theround
bottom flaskthrougha glassinlettube. Theflask is connected to a
water condenser through a glass outlet tube. Condenserisfurther
attached toa receiverthrough an adaptor.

15. 2.Take about 750ml of water in the steam generator and start
heating to producesteam.
3.In the round bottom flask take about 75g of crushed
saunf(aniseed).
4.Avigorouscurrent ofsteamfromsteamgeneratoris
passed throughthe roundbottom
flask.
5.Apartofthesteamcondenses in
the round bottom flask. As more
andmore steamispassed, the
steam volatile components of
saunfpass through
condenseralongwith steam.Thesecontentson
condensation arecollected in the receiver.
6.The contentsin the roundbottom flaskmay be heated by a
bunsenburnertopreventexcessivecondensationof steam.
7.The processofsteamdistillationis continued forabouthalf
an hour.
8.Transferthe distillateto aseparating funnel andextract
with 20mlportions of petroleum ether 3 times.
9.Combinethepetroleumetherextractsina250mlconical
flask anddryit withthe helpof anhydrous sodium sulphate.
CHEMISTRYPROJECT-EXTRACTION OFESSENTIALOILS 15

16. 10.Removethe solventfromthe dried filtrateby careful
distillation in awater bath.The essentialoil is left
behind in the distillationflask.
11.Findtheweightoftheextractedessentialoil.Note the
colour, odourandweightof the essential oil.
CHEMISTRYPROJECT-EXTRACTION OFESSENTIALOILS 16
Observations:
1.Saunf(Aniseed):
•WeightofSaunftaken=100g Initial
Weight ofthebottle=10g(x)
•Weight of bottle+essential oil= 11.25g(y)
Weight of essential extracted= (y-x)= 1.25g
Percentageof essential
oil=(y/100)*100=1.25% Colourof the oil=
Colourless
•Odouroftheoil=saunflikesmell

17. 2.Ajwain(Carum):
•WeightofSaunftaken=75g
•InitialWeightofthe bottle=10g(x)
•Weightofthe bottle+essential
oil=11g(y)
•Weightof essentialoil
extracted=(y-x)=1g
•Percentage of essential oil=
(y/75)*100=1.33% Colourof the
oil=Colourless
Odouroftheoil=Ajwain likesmell
RESULT:
Essential oilspresentin aniseed,carum
andcardamomare extractedfromthis
method.
CHEMISTRYPROJECT-EXTRACTION OFESSENTIALOILS 17