CHemistry project on HOney analysis

hey

1. Session – 2020 - 21
Submitted to :-
Mrs. Chetna Ma’am
Submitted by :-
Tejasv SharmI

2. This is to certify that TEJASV SHARMA of class 12-C
,FLORETS INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL has satisfactorily
completed the project in Chemistry .The progress of thre
project has been reported continuously .And it was carried
out under the guidance & supervision during academic
year 2020-2021.




PRINCIPAL :- TEACHER :-
Mrs. Shraddha Sharma Mrs. Chetna Tiwari

3. I wish to express my deep gratitude and sincere thanks to
Principal, Mrs. Shraddha Sharma , Florets International
School,Panki for her encouragement and for all
thefacilities that she provided for this project work. I
sincerely appreciate this magnanimity by taking me into
her fold for which I shall remain indebted to her. I extend
my hearty thanks to Mrs. Chetna Tiwari, Chemistry
Teacher, who guided me to the successful completion of
this project. I take this opportunity to express my deep
sense of gratitude for his invaluable guidance, constant
encouragement, constructive comments, sympathetic
attitude and immense motivation, which has sustained my
efforts at all stages of this project work. I can’t forget to
offer my sincere thanks to my classmates who helped me
to carry out this project work successfully & for their
valuable advice & support, which I received from them
time to time.
TEJASV SHARMA

4. Content :-
1 . Introduction
2 . Aim
3 . Requirement
4 . Theory
5 . Procedure
6 . Observation Table
7 . Result
8 . Bibliography

5. Honey, thick, sweet, super saturated sugar solution
manufactured by bees to feed their larvae and for the
subsistence during winter. Bee honey is composed of
fructose, glucose and water, in varying proportions. It also
contains several enzymes and oils.
The color & flavor depends on the age of the honey and the
sources of the nectar .It colored honeys are usually of
higher quality than dark coloured honeys. Other high
grade honeys are made by bees from orange blossoms,
clover and Alfalfa. A well known, poorer grade honey is
produced from buckwheat. Honey has a fuel value of about
3307 cal/kg [1520 cal/ lbs]. It readily picks up moisture
from the air and is consequently used as a moistioning
agent for Tobaco and in baking. Glucose crystallizes out of

6. honey on standing at room temperature, leaving on
uncrystallized layer of dissolved fructose. Honey to be
marketed is usually heated by a special process to about
66oC [150.01 F] to dissolve the crystals and is sealed to
prevent crystallization. The fructose in crystallized honey
ferments readily at about 160C .

7. To Analyze
Different Brands
Of Honey Found
In Market.

8. Apparatus
Test Tube
Test Tube Stand
Burner
Water Bath
Chemicals
Fehling Solution A
Fehling Solution B
Ammonium Chloride Solution
Ammonium Chlorate Solution
Ammonium Phosphate
Concentrated HNO3
Potassium Sulphocyanide Solution

9. Honey , thick , sweet , super saturated sugar solution
manufactured by bees to feed their larvae and for the subsistence
during winter .
Bee honey is composed of fructose , glucose and water , in varying
proportions . It also contains several enzymes and oils . The
colour & flavour depends on the age of the honey and the sources
of the nectar . It coloured honeys are usually of higher quality
than dark coloured honeys . Other high grade honeys are made by
bees from orange blossoms , clover and alfalfa . A well known ,
poorer grade honey is produced from buckwhat .
Honey has a fuel value of about 3307 cal/kg {1520 cal/lbs} . It
radily picks up moisture from the air and is consequently used as
a moistioning agent for Tobacco and in banking . Glucose
crystillaizes out of honey on standing at room temperature ,
leaving on uncrystallized layer of dissolved fructose . Honey to be
marketed is usually heated by a special process to about 66° C {
150.01 F } to dissolve the crystals and is sealed to prevent
crystallization . The fructose in crystallized honey ferments readily
at 16° C .

10. Test For Minerals :-
1 . Test for Potassium:-
2 ml of honey is taken in a test tube and
picric acid solution is added . Yellow precipitate
indicates the presence of K
+
.
2 . Test for Calcium:-
2 ml of honey is taken in a test tube and
NH4Cl solution and NH4OH solution are added
to it . The solution is filtered and to filtrate 2 ml
of ammonium oxalate is added . White ppt. or
milkiness indicates the presence of Ca
2+
ions.

11. 3 . Test for Magnesium:-
2 ml of honey is taken in a test tube and NH4OH
solution is added to it and then excess of
Ammonium phosphate solution is added . The
side of the test – tube is scratched with as glass
rod . White precipitate indicates the presence of
Mg
2+
ions .
4 . Test for Iron:-
2 ml of honey is taken in a test tube and a drop
of conc. HNO3 is added and heated . It is cooled
and 2 – 3 drops of Potassium Sulphocyanide
solution is added to it . Blood red colour shows
the presence of iron .


Test For Carbohydrate

12. 1 . Fehling ‘ s test:-
2 ml of honey is taken in a test tube and 1 ml
each of Fehling ‘ s solution A and Fehling ‘ s
solution B are added to it and boiled . Red
precipitate indicates the presence of reducing
sugars .
2 . Tollen ‘ s Test:-
2 – 3 ml of aqueous solution of honey is taken
in a test tube . 2 – 3 ml of Tollen ‘ s reagent is
added . The test tube is kept in a boiling water
bath for about for ten minutes . A shining
mirror indicates the presence of reducing
carbohydrates .

13. Substances Taken : Honey
S.no Tests Observation Inference

1.
Test For
Potassium

Honey + Picric acid
solution

Yellow ppt.
is observed

Potassium is
present.

2.

Test For Calcium

Honey + NH4Cl
soln. + NH4OH
soln. filtered +
(NH4)2C2O4


White ppt. or
milkiness is
not observed


Calcium is
absent .

3.

Test For
Magnesium

Honey + NH4OH
(till solution
becomes alkaline)
+ (NH4)3PO4




White ppt. is
not
observed.



Magnesium
is absent .

14. 4.

Test For Iron

Honey +
conc.HNO3 heated
and cooled +
Potassium
sulphocyanide




Blood Red
colour is
observed



Iron is
present

5.

Fehling’s test

Honey + 1ml each
of Fehling’s
solution A and
Fehling’s solution
B




Red ppt. is
observed


Reducing
sugar is
present

6.
Tollen’s Test

Honey + 2 – 3 ml
Tollen’s reagent ,
test tube in water
bath for 10
minutes




Shining
silver mirror
is observed



Reducing
carbohydrate
is present

15.  Potassium is present.
 Iron is present .
 Calcium is absent .
 Magnesium is absent .
 Honey contains reducing sugar.

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