Chemistry_Reactive_Intermediates_Presentation.pptx

Chemistry free radicals presentation.

1. Generation, Structure, Stability, and Reactivity of Carbocations, Carbanions, Free Radicals, Carbenes, and Nitrenes Based on 'A Textbook of Organic Chemistry – Volume I' by Mandeep Dalal

2. Introduction Overview of reactive intermediates: Carbocations, Carbanions, Free Radicals, Carbenes, Nitrenes. Importance in organic chemistry.

3. Free Radicals Definition: Chemical species with unpaired electrons on carbon. Electron deficiency makes them electrophiles.

4. Generation of Free Radicals Homolytic cleavage of covalent bonds. Examples: - Thermal Cleavage: [Insert specific reaction] - Photochemical Cleavage: [Insert specific reaction]

5. Structure of Free Radicals Trigonal planar around carbon. sp² hybridization with odd electron in pz orbital. [Insert Orbital structure diagram]

6. Stability of Free Radicals Classified by saturation: Alkyl, unsaturated. Inductive Effect: Alkyl groups increase stability. Stability Order: Tertiary > Secondary > Primary.

7. Hyperconjugation Hyperconjugation increases stability. More hyperconjugative structures = more stability.

8. Allyl and Benzyl Free Radicals Resonance effect stabilizes free radicals. More phenyl groups = more stability. [Insert Resonance structures]

9. Reactivity of Free Radicals Decomposition Reactions: Example - Benzoxy radical. Hydrogen Abstraction: Intermolecular and intramolecular. Rearrangement Reactions: Yield different stable radicals. [Insert relevant reaction mechanisms]

10. Conclusion Summary of free radical characteristics: Generation, structure, stability, and reactivity. Importance in organic reactions.

11. References A Textbook of Organic Chemistry – Volume I by Mandeep Dalal https://www.dalalinstitute.com/books/a-textbook-of-organic-chemistry-volume-1/