Chess this is all about chess our lesson

About chess lesson

1. CHESS Group 1

2. Agenda Introduction How to play Rules Basic Skills Scoring Summary 2/2/20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 2

3. Introduction Chess is a board game for two players. It is sometimes called international chess or Western chess to distinguish it from related games such as xiangqi and shogi. Chess is an abstract strategy game that involves no hidden information and no elements of chance. It is played on a chessboard with 64 squares arranged in an 8×8 grid. The players, referred to as "White" and "Black", each control sixteen pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two bishops, two knights, and eight pawns. White moves first, followed by Black. The game is won by checkmating the opponent's king, i.e. threatening it with inescapable capture. There are several ways a game can end in a draw . 2/2/20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 3

4. History of chess 2/2/20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 4

5. • The origin of the chess is something that is debated and there is not really a consensus on its origin or even the history of chess, from the old to the present. • Some say that versions of the chess and its board date back from Ancient Egypt or Dynastic China, but its most supported origin is that it first appeared in India around the 6th century, at the time it would have the name of Chaturanga Its early form in the 6th century was know "chaturanga", which translates as four divisions (of the military): infantry, cavalry, elephantry, and chariotry. These forms are represented by the pieces that would evolved into the modern pawn, knight, bishop, and rook respectively. • The history of chess spans 1500 years. • From India it spread to Persia. Following the Arab invasion and conquest of Persia, chess was taken up by the Muslim world and subsequently spread to southern Europe. The game evolved roughly into its current form by about 1500 СЕ. • Chess spread directly from the Middle East to Russia, where chess became known as шахматы ( shakhmaty , literally "checkmates", a plurale tantum). 2/2/20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 5

6. 2/2/20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 6 The first World Chess Championship was held in 1886. The first Champion in Chess is Wilhelm (William) Steinitz in the last quarter of the 19th Century. Willian is known as the "Father of modern chess" The 20th century saw great leaps forward in chess theory and the establishment of the World Chess Federation (FIDE). A huge body of chess theory has developed since the game's inception. Aspects of art are found in chess composition; and chess in its turn influenced Western culture and art and has connections with other fields such as mathematics, computer science, and psychology. • In 1997, Deep Blue became the first computer to beat the reigning World Champion in a match when it defeated Garry Kasparov. • Though not flawless, today's chess engines are significantly stronger than even the best human players, and have deeply influenced the development of chess theory.

7. Rules of chess 2/2/20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 7

8. 2/2/20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 8 How to Play Chess: 4 Basic Rules of Chess You Must Know ‘The most powerful weapon in Chess is to have the next move’- David Bronstein And in order to know how to play Chess, you must first understand the basic rules around which, this brain game revolves. Chess is a two-player strategy game that is played on a square board with 64 squares. Each player starts with 16 pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two knights, two bishops, and eight pawns. Every piece contributes to the chess board rules.

9. 2/2/20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 9 The game’s objective is to checkmate the opponent's king, which means putting it under attack in a way that it cannot escape capture. The game can also end in a draw or a tie. Interestingly, the number of possible unique chess games is far greater than the number of electrons in the universe. So, the game never gets boring! 4 Basic Chess Rules for How to Play Chess 1. The player with the white pieces makes the first move 2. Each player takes turns making one move at a time 3. Every Chess piece moves in a unique way 4. Rules of Checkmate and Draw

10. 2/2/20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 10 Let's explore Chess rules in detail: 1.The player with the white pieces makes the first move in most formal games of chess, the player who gets to play the white pieces is determined by a random process. This can be done in a number of ways, such as flipping a coin, rolling a Dice, or drawing lots. In tournament play, the process of determining who gets to play the white pieces is usually more formalized. Players may be assigned a number or a ranking, and then paired up to play against each other. The player with the higher ranking or the lower number may be given the option to choose whether they want to play the white pieces or the black pieces in the game. In casual or friendly matches, players may simply agree to alternate between the white and black pieces, or they may use a random process such as flipping a coin or rolling a Dice to determine who gets to play which color. It is worth noting that the color of the pieces in chess is largely symbolic and does not confer any inherent advantage to the player. The choice of color to play is often a matter of personal preference or strategy, rather than a tactical advantage. 2. Each player takes turns making one move at a time a piece can only move to a square that is unoccupied, or to a square occupied by an opponent's piece, which is then captured.

11. 2/2/20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 11 3. Every Chess piece moves in a unique way Each piece in chess has a distinctive way of moving on the board, which is what makes the game one of the most interesting and challenging activities. Keep reading to know how each of the chess pieces move. You can also consider them basic chess rules for beginners! • Pawn: Pawns are the weakest pieces on the board, but they can be very useful in controlling space and blocking the opponent's pieces. Pawns move forward one or two squares on their first move, and one square at a time after that. The chess rule for pawns is that they can only capture other pieces diagonally one square ahead of them. • Rook: Rooks are powerful pieces that can move horizontally or vertically any number of squares. They are often used to control open files or to attack the opponent's pieces from a distance. • Knight: Knights move in an "L" shape, with two squares in one direction and then one square in a perpendicular direction. They are the only pieces that can jump over other pieces, which makes them useful for surprise attacks.

12. 2/2/20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 12 • Bishop: Bishops move diagonally any number of squares. They are often used to control diagonals and to attack the opponent's pieces from a distance. • Queen: The queen is the most powerful piece on the board, and can move horizontally, vertically, or diagonally any number of squares. It is often used to control the center of the board and to attack the opponent's pieces from multiple angles. • King: The king is the most important piece on the board, but also the weakest. It can move one square in any direction and is used to protect the other pieces and control the center of the board. Each piece has its own strengths and weaknesses, and understanding how to use them effectively is the key to winning at chess.

13. 2/2/20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 13 4. Rules of Checkmate and Draw • If a player's king is under attack (in "check"), the player must make a move to get out of check. This can be done by moving the king, capturing the attacking piece, or blocking the attack with another piece. • If a player's king is under attack and there is no legal move to get out of check, the game is over, and the player who brings the opponent's king into check wins. • If a player is not in check but has no legal moves left, the game is a draw by "stalemate." Stalemate often occurs when a player is trying to force a win and overreaches, putting their opponent's king in a position where it cannot move without being placed in check. In this situation, the player with the inferior position can sometimes escape with a draw by intentionally allowing their pieces to be captured until the game reaches a stalemate. • If the same position on the board occurs three times during the game, with the same player to move, the game is a draw by "threefold repetition." To claim a threefold repetition, the player must announce it to the arbiter or their opponent, and the players should be able to identify the position that has been repeated. It's worth noting that the repetition doesn't need to occur in consecutive moves, as long as the position on the board is identical and the same player is to move. The threefold repetition rule is in place to prevent players from endlessly repeating moves to run out the clock or frustrate their opponent. It also helps to prevent a player from exploiting a small advantage to win in an endgame position where no further progress is possible.

14. 2/2/20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 14 • If both players have made 50 moves without a capture or a pawn move, the game is a draw by the "50-move rule." The rule applies only to the player whose turn it is to move, and they must claim the draw before making the 50th move. If the player fails to claim the draw and makes a move, the 50-move count starts again. It's worth noting that the rule only applies in certain situations, and not all endgame positions are subject to the 50-move rule. Additionally, some chess variants have different rules regarding the 50-move rule. •If a player wishes to end the game because they believe that they cannot win, they can resign at any time.

15. Basic skills 2/2/20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 15

16. 2/2/20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 16 The “7-Skills” Chess Training Model The “7-Skills” Chess Training model is a structured study plan with a strong focus on the skills that will have the biggest impact on your results. Acquiring these skills will also give you the confidence and knowledge you need to consistently find good moves in your games. 1. Tactics You don’t want to miss tactical opportunities in your games. That is why you should train your mind to recognize tactical patterns quickly. 2. Calculation To avoid mistakes and save time on the clock you must improve the speed and accuracy of your calculations. 3. Visualization It’s hard to foresee the outcome of a move because you’re not allowed to move the pieces around while thinking. But, you can train to visualize it in your mind! 4. Strategy There aren’t always conclusive tactics in a position. That is why you must learn how to improve your position with the right strategy 5. Openings It’s unpleasant to be on the back foot from the start of the game. Learn to play the opening well and work on developing your personal opening repertoire. 6. Evaluation If you don’t know how to evaluate a position then you will also struggle to find, or assess, candidate moves that serve an appropriate strategy. 7. Endgames It is important to study endgame theory because all your hard work in the middlegame can be undone if you misplay the endgame.

17. How to play 2/2/20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 17

18. 2/2/20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 18 Understanding chess pieces and their Movements in the game of chess, each piece holds its importance and contributes to the dynamic nature of the game. •The King is the most important piece. It moves one square in any direction and must be protected at all costs. •The Queen is the most powerful piece. It can move in any direction—horizontally, vertically, or diagonally, making it a versatile force on the board. •The Rook moves horizontally or vertically across the board, covering long distances. Rooks excel at controlling open files and supporting each other. •Knights move in an "L" shape—two squares in one direction and then one square vertical to it. They can jump over other pieces, making them great for surprises and capturing opponents. •Bishops move diagonally, covering any number of squares. Bishops control long diagonal lines, aiding defense and offense while placed on different-colored squares. •Pawns are the smallest pieces and the most numerous. They move forward one square, with the option to move two squares on their first move. Pawns capture diagonally and can promote to any piece if they reach the opposite end.

19. 2/2/20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 19 How to set-up a chess board Chess is played by two players on a chess board measuring eight-by-eight squares. The 64 squares alternate between light and dark colours - traditionally, black and white. When properly set up, a white square should be the rightmost square along the edge closest to each player. Players’ pieces are set up in the two horizontal rows (known as ranks) closest to each player. The second rank - ie . the second row from the player’s perspective - consists of a line of eight pawns, each placed on a single square. The closer rank is nearly symmetrical, with rooks (also known as castles) placed on the two leftmost and rightmost corner squares, followed by knights on the inside space next to them, then bishops. The two central squares of the rank are occupied by the king and queen. The queen is placed on the square matching her colour (for example, the black queen on the black square), with the king occupying the remaining square of the opposite colour . This means that the king and queen of each colour face each other, making the correct setup symmetrical between the two players. The white player takes the first move, with players alternating single turns until a player is defeated via checkmate or resigns. A draw can also be agreed. If playing with an optional timer, as in tournaments, the first player to run out of time forfeits the game .

20. scoring 2/2/20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 20

21. 2/2/20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 21 Most tournament chess players are familiar with the traditional method of scoring a chess tournament. However, there have been many alternative systems attempted over the years, ranging from small and simple changes to complete overhauls of the current scoring system. Here are a few of the more notable scoring systems used in chess history. Traditional Scoring In most chess tournaments held since the middle of the 19th century, there has been a very simple scoring system used. Players who scored a win in a game were awarded a point, while those scoring draws were given a half-point. Losing a game, as you might expect, was worth zero points. There were, and continue to be, many good reasons why this system became the standard in tournament play. First, there’s a certain logic to the “zero-sum” nature of the scoring. Every game is worth exactly one point, and (barring unusual circumstances such as double forfeits) the players will also find a way to split that point amongst them. It’s very simple for fans to keep track of, and while a score can’t always tell you at a glance how many games a player has won or lost, it can at least tell you if the player has more wins or losses. For instance, a player with a 4/7 score can also have their score expressed as 4-3, or +1, which tells us that they won one more game than they lost during the tournament. Another argument in favor of this scoring system in modern chess is that the rating system is based on the idea that a draw is half as valuable as a win. If scoring systems are changed to incentivize wins over draws, players may play in ways that are successful in tournaments, but which hurt them in the ratings, making those ratings less accurate.

22. 2/2/20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 22 3-1-0 Scoring Recently, some tournaments have moved to a 3-1-0 scoring format. This format has also been called Football Scoring, thanks to the fact that it has widely been adopted in soccer leagues around the world. In this system, players are given an added incentive to win games. Each win is worth three points, while a draw is only worth one, and losses are still worth zero. The major difference in this scoring system is that players who score a win and a loss are ranked above those who have scored two draws (three points vs. two), so fighting play is encouraged. Many organizers have used such a scoring system as a way to discourage draws in tournament play, arguably with some level of success. Since a player must only win more than one-third of their decisive games to do better than drawing every game, many risky moves are actually correct to play, even if the outcome is unclear. One interesting consequence of this scoring system is that it is possible for a player who would have finished behind someone under traditional scoring to finish above them under the 3-1-0 system. While both systems are essentially arbitrary, these results still seem “incorrect” to many players, as the traditional scoring system has become deeply ingrained in the culture of chess. A more convincing concern is the potential for collusion when such a system is used in double round-robin events, as friendly players could do better by “trading wins” rather than simply drawing two games against each other.

23. 2/2/20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 23 Each chess piece has a point value that helps players evaluate the material balance: Pawn: 1 point Knight: 3 points Bishop: 3 points Rook: 5 points Queen: 9 points King: No value (since its capture means the game is over) These values are relative and help players make decisions during the game.

24. 2/2/20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 24 Example picture of score sheet

25. Summary In summary chess is a board game for two players, known as international or Western chess. It is an abstract strategy game with no hidden information or chance elements. Players control sixteen pieces, with White moving first and Black controlling the other. Chess originated from the Indian game chaturanga and spread throughout Asia and Europe, eventually evolving into chess around the 16th century. ​ 2/2/20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 25

26. Thank You Group 1 Soriano, Angela O. Trespuentes , Shena Rose D. Solano, Marian Yliz L. Palmares , Bleecy Jude Y. Alegre, Zaina Mae G. Demapelis , Jessa P. Linogon , Joenamir C. 2/2/20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 26