CHIKUNGUNYA1.pptx

Disease study

1. CHIKUNGUNYA Kashish Agrawaal 2 nd Professional Batch 2020

2. CHIKUNGUNYA DEFINITION Chikungunya is a viral disease transmitted to humans by infected mosquitoes characterized by fever & joint pain. Other symptoms muscle pain headache nausea fatigue rash The disease share some clinical signs with dengue & Zika can be misdiagnosed in areas where they are COMMON RISK FACTOR mosquitoes breeding sites

3. AETIOLOGY Chikungunya is caused by CHIKUNGUNYA VIRUS it is a RNA VIRUS family -Togaviride Genus- alpha virus virus was isolated in 1953 from serum & Aedes mosquitoes. INCUBATION PERIOD 2-4days VECTOR The virus is transmitted human to human by the bites of infected mosquitoes AEDES AEGYPTI generally in the morning (early) & late afternoon. These mosquitoes breeds in clean water Human & non human vertetsates serve as chikungunya virus reservoir .

4. MOSQ

5. PATHOGENESIS Bite of infected mosquito introduce the virus into the body Replication of the virus in fibroblast skeletal muscle progenator cells and myofibres as well as liver & spleen Inflammatory cells are recruited to infected tissue Chikungunya evades host defense & counter the type I interferon response. CHIKUNGUNYA ( Arthralgia ,fever, 40°C/104°F, rash) Host cell fibroblast produces type alpha and beta interferon Elevated serum levels of specific cytokines & chemokines Interaction between virus & monocyte & macrophages

6. CYCL

7. CLINICAL MENIFESTATIONS Sudden onset of high fiver that lasts from few days to a WEEK or unto 10 days to (102°F or 104°F) may be biphasic, breaking & then returning. "Fever occurs with the onset of viremia and level of virus in the blood co-relates with the intensity of symptoms in acute phase Headache Insomnia extreme exhaustion for 5-7 days.. following the fever & strong joint pain or stiffness usually last week by months sometimes years Debilating pain- immobility of affected joint affects more than one joint, most commonly occurs in peripheral joints of the hands & feet as well as some larger joints typically the shoulder, knee, elbow.

8. SYMPTO 2

9. Maculo Papular Rash- After 2-5 days of onset of symptoms Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting Inflammation of the eyes, retinal lesion, neurological disorders are rare. DIAGNOSIS Detailed history & physical examination. History of travelling in area affected with chikungunya fever may be present with in last 2 weeks. Blood Test→ CBC (low lymphocyte count) viral isolation RT-PCR CRP-Reactive protein ELISA test - to measure IgM chikunya specific levels in serum - elevated

10. Maculo Papular Rash

11. TREATMENT There is no specific antiviral drug or vaccine for it .Chikunya fever is not life threatening infection. symptomatic treatment for mitigating pain and  fever using anti inflammatory drug along with rest usually suffices. PREVENTION Avoid mosquito bite Insecticide or biological control agents can be used.